Atom-economical homogeneous catalysis

Abstract Heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized by means of stoichiometric reagents under acidic or basic conditions. Recent progress of homogeneous transition-metal catalysis realizes a highly selective and atom-economical methodology for synthesis of heterocycles under neutral and mild conditions. This review highlights the recent advances in the area of ruthenium-catalyzed syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. 

Homogeneous catalysis has revolutionized the art of organic synthesis. It is now challenging to find a synthesis of any complex molecular target that does not rely on at least one, if not many, transition metal-mediated or catalyzed steps. Why have these transformations achieved such privileged status In many cases, metal-catalyzed reactions open avenues to new methods unknown in traditional organic chemistry or impart levels of selectivity, especially enanti-oselectivity, that allow more atom economical syntheses of many valuable products. 

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