Atmospheric mixing

Euleria.n Models. Of the Eulerian models, the box model is the easiest to conceptualize. The atmosphere over the modeling region is envisioned as a well-mixed box, and the evolution of pollutants in the box is calculated following conservation-of-mass principles including emissions, deposition, chemical reactions, and atmospheric mixing. 

Stagnant referring to meteorological conditions that are not conducive to atmospheric mixing. 

Stagnation Periods lengths of time during which little atmospheric mixing occurs... 

Aeration of ferric sulfate should be held to a minimum because of the hygroscopic nature of the material, particularly in damp atmospheres. Mixing of ferric sulfate and quicklime in conveying and dust vent systems should be avoided as caking and excessive heating can result. The presence of ferric sulfate and lime in combination has been known to destroy cloth bags in pneumatic unloading devices. Because ferric sulfate in the presence of moisture will stain, precautions similar to those discussed for ferric chloride should be observed. 

Bolin, B. and Keeling, C. D. (1963). Large-scale atmospheric mixing as deduced from the seasonal and meridional variations of carbon dioxide, /. Geophys. Res. 68,3899-3920. 

Machta, L. (1974). Global scale atmospheric mixing, Advan. Geophys. 18B, 33-56. 

Figure 5. Radioisotopes with T,/f > > atmospheric mixing time.

However, as yet monitoring networks on atmospheric mixing ratios are not sufficiently extensive or close to continental CH4 sources to make this approach entirely reliable for rice. 

Heimann M, Kaminski T. 1999. Inverse modelling approaches to infer surface trace gas fluxes from observed atmospheric mixing ratios. In Bouwman AF, ed. Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Nilsson, E. D., and M. Kulniala, The Potential for Atmospheric Mixing Processes to Enhance the Binary Nucleation Rate, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1381-1389(1998). 

The possible influence of oxygen was checked by using the titrimetric method to study the consumption of cerium(IV) by m-Cr(OH2)2(0204)2 in the absence of oxygen. Component solutions were introduced into a closed container, flushed with nitrogen, and without exposure to the atmosphere, mixed, and allowed to react. The usual method for quenching was used. Comparison of the results for a series of solutions studied in this way with the results for similar solutions studied by the ordinary procedure indicated that the exclusion of oxygen has no measurable effect on the rate of the reaction. 

The molecular solubility term (b) depends on the chemical interaction between the solute (DMS) and the solvent (water). Because the internal energy of molecules is mass dependent, these chemical interactions should differ for the isotopically substituted DMS molecules and result in isotopic fractionation. However, in the case of DMS, the concentration in seawater is much larger than that in the atmospheric mixed layer, and Equation (3) reduces to (3a)... 

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