Atmospheric exchange methane

Keller, M., and W. A. Reiners. 1994. "Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and methane under secondary succession of pasture to forest in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8 399-409. 

Internal Sources and Atmospheric Exchange of Methane. Methane is produced by specialized groups of obligate anaerobic bacteria (22, 23). The formation of methane as a metabolic product results either from the microbial reduction of CO2 with molecular H2, or via the fermentation of acetic acid. More structurally complex substrates may also serve as electron acceptors/donors, but the end result of methanogenesis is to produce methane and CO2 as end products (23). 

Gas emerges from each expander cooled to -61°C (-77°F). Additional heat exchangers lower the temperature to -84°C (-120°F), at which point all the LNG is removed for delivery. Residue gas, now under reduced pressure, is passed along to the nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) where inert nitrogen is separated and vented into the atmosphere. Helium is also recovered in the NRU. The remaining residue gas is 90% methane. 

Conrad R. Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems. In M.O. Andreae and D.S. Schimel, editors, Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. New York John Wiley Sons 1989. p. 39-58. 

Conrad R. 1989. Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosytems. In Andreae MO, Schimel DS, eds. Exchange of Trace Gases Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere. Dahlem Conference. Chichester Wiley, 39-58. 

Methane gas is burned completely with 20 percent excess air at approximately atmospheric pressure. Both the methane and the air enter the furnace at 25°C saturated with water vapor, and the flue gases leave the furnace at 1,600°C. The flue gases then pass through a heat exchanger from which they emerge at 40 C. On the basis of I mol of methane, how much heat is lost from the furnace, and how much heat is transferred in the heat exchanger ... 

Galchenko V. F., Lein A., and Ivanov M. (1989) Biological sinks of methane. In Exchange of Trace Gases between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere (eds. M. O. Andreae and D. S. Schimel). Wiley, New York, pp. 59-71. 

Methane is also lost from surface waters by air-sea exchange. If the surface concentration of methane exceeds its equilibrium concentration, there will be a net flux to the atmosphere. The empirical relationship commonly used to quantify the transfer flux (F) is the stagnant-film boundary layer model (28, 29). 

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