Atmospheres hazardous

Safety valve releases are routed to blowdown drums when the presence of liquid, toxic properties or other factors would make discharge to the atmosphere hazardous. Product and intermediate process streams may need to be diverted to alternative disposal if they are off-specification (e.g., during startup) or in the event of emergency shutdown of downstream equipment. 

Atmospheric Hazards. Examples are Uie presence of toxic airborne chemical substances and parUculate matter, biological agents, noise, vibration, radiation, extremes of temperature and humidity, and lack of illumination. 

Atmospheric information, including local climate (precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction, presence of inversion layers), weather extremes (storms, floods, winds), release characteristics (direction and speed of plume movement, rate, amount, and temperature of release, relative densities), and types of atmospheric hazards and hazards assessment... 

R. W. McMillan. A Horizontal Atmospheric Temperature Sounder Applications to Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Hazards , Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 931-948, 1993. 

The atmospheric hazards are due to the presence and absence of certain gases and the presence of flammable and toxic vapors. There are three types of confined spaces ... 

Five-video set Introduction, Entry Principles, Recognizing Atmospheric Hazards, Types of Hazards, and Rescue Operations. Also available individually. 

AAHAWS (Automated atmospheric hazard assessment/waming system) C/B Mevatec Corp/ENSR Consulting... 

OSH A are legally enforceable exposure limits for atmospheric hazards. 

Procedures must allow for the identification and evaluation of all permit space hazards before entry. Employers must establish and implement means to prevent unauthorized entry. Employers must also establish and implement means to eliminate or control hazards necessary for safe entry by specifying acceptable entry conditions and isolating the space. The employer must purge, make inert, flush, or continuously ventilate the permit space as necessary to eliminate or control atmospheric hazards. Additionally, the employer must provide, maintain, and require the use of PPE necessary for safe entry. Employers ensure the testing of atmospheric conditions inside the SPACE BEFORE ENTRY (Table 5.10). 

There are minimum procedures for atmospheric testing that employers are required to perform to adequately assess the atmospheric conditions which exist in a confined space. This information is vital to the identification of atmospheric hazards within the space, and is also needed to make accurate determinations for later classification of the space. 

Employers are required to test or monitor a confined space for certain atmospheric hazards in a specific order ... 

The employer tests or monitors for other atmospheric hazards specified in other apphcable OSHA standards. 

Monitoring must be done periodically and as necessary unless other provisions of this proposed standard or other OSHA requirements specify differently. As necessary refers to the monitoring reasonably required to detect atmospheric hazards. 

Monitoring must be of a frequency and performed in a manner sufficient to protect employees operating in confined spaces from atmospheric hazards. 

Employers would have to provide medical facilities that treat employees exposed to certain atmospheric hazards (hazards that could cause an immediate threat to life and health) with information the employer is required to keep under 1926.1219 regarding such hazards. 

Ventilation in this confined space alone will control its atmospheric hazards at safe levels. A confined space can t be classified as a CACS if it has a physical hazard (unless that hazard has been isolated). Fewer precautions are needed to ensime the safety of its employers than for PRCSs. However, more precautions are needed to ensm e the safety of its employees than for a Isolated-Hazard Confined Space. 

This is a confined space where the employer has isolated all physical and atmospheric hazards. Isolated means the elimination or removal of a physical or atmospheric hazard by preventing its... 

Determine and implement an isolation method for the atmospheric hazards. 

Accomplish isolation of the physical and atmospheric hazards without entering the IHCS. If that is infeasible, follow the requirements for entering a PRCS or a CS-PRCS. 

Identity of the atmospheric hazards, date and time they were isolated, name and signature/initials of person who did the isolation work. 

For each atmospheric hazard identified the employer must o Determine an isolation method, or... 

Determine that, in the event the ventilation system stops working, the monitoring procedures will detect an increase in atmospheric hazard levels in suflScient time for the entrants to safely exit the PRCS. 

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