Atherosclerosis prostaglandins

Das UN. A defect in the activity of and desaturases may 203. be a factor in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essen. Fatty Acids. In press. 

Mooney, D., McCarthy, C., Belton, O. (2012). Effects of conjugated hnoleic acid isomers on monocyte, macrophage and foam cell phenotype in atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators, 98, 56-62. 

Besides 12-LOX in platelets, the 5-LOX isoforms are constitutive in neutrophils. Evidences indicate that LOXs are involved in inflammation diseases and in atherosclerosis. 5-LOX is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes with potential role for leukocytes and platelets interaction and inflammation. After platelet and leukocyte stimulation, products of both COX-1 and 5-LOX pathways increase. COX-1 activity derivatives increase the vascular permeability mediated by prostaglandins and produce platelet aggregation mediated by TXA2. The product of the lipoxygenase pathway, 5-oxo-6,8,1 1,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-Oxo-ETE), induces leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammation. 5-Oxo-ETE is formed by the oxidation of 5S-hydroxy-ETE (5-HETE) by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH), a microsomal enzyme found in leukocytes and platelets (42). 

Helmersson J, Larsson A, Vessby B, Basu S. Active smoking and a history of smoking are associated widi enhanced prostaglandin F(2alpha), interleukin-6 and F2-isoprostane formation in elderly men. Atherosclerosis 2005 181 201. 

A relatively new class of oxidized arachidonic acid derivatives with potential relevance to atherosclerosis are F2 isoprostanes [24] (Fig. 6) (Chapter 12). These compounds form as a result of non-enzymatic, free-radical attack of the fatty acid moieties of cellular or lipoprotein phospholipids, followed by release of the isoprostanes from the phospholipids by a phospholipase. 8-wo-prostaglandin-F2 may also be formed by the action of COX-1 or -2 in platelets or monocytes, respectively, but the significance of COX-dependent 8-W0-PGF2 formation in vivo is unproven. Fj isoprostanes circulate in the plasma and appear in the urine as free compounds or esterified to phospholipids, and... 

Morisaki, N., Kanzaki, T., Motoyama, N., Saito, Y., and Yoshida, S. (1988). Cell cycle-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis by prostaglandin L in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 71, 165-171. 

Halushka, P., Mais, D. and Saussy, D. (1986). Platelet and vascular smooth muscle thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptors. Atherosclerosis Rev. (In press)... 

Homem de Bittencourt, PL, Lagranha, D.J., Maslinkiewicz, A., Senna, S.M., Tavares, A.M.V., Baldissera, L.P., Janner, D.R. et al. 2007. LipoCardium Endothelium-directed cyclo-pentenone prostaglandin-based liposome formulation that completely reverses atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 193, 245-258. 

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