Ashing with reactive oxygen

It was confirmed that mechanochemically formed radicals are active enough to initiate polymerization of vinyl monomers [254]. Due to the quick reactivity of the formed carbon centered radicals P with oxygen, an inert atmosphere must be strictly observed during the process to avoid any competition with the generation of thiyls [243]. Moreover, the presence of hydroperoxides formed in polymers due to the reactivity with oxygen diminishes the yield of binding of thiyls to the polymer chain as a result of the HD AO activity of ASH (ASSH). 

Yet, liquid and particularly solid fuels raise a plethora of additional issues and concerns, mostly revolving arotmd the contact of the oxygen carrier with the fuel, separation of fuel residue (ash, etc.) from the carrier material, and the lower reactivity of these fuels in comparison to gaseous fuels. 

The general position taken by researchers in the field is that the kinetics will mirror the parent coal—with some initial reaction suppression being caused by the water and ash content of the CWS [27]. At the same time reactivity measures can be calculated from the data presented previously in Tables 3.6 and 3.7. Such reactivity measures include volatile matter/fixed carbon (VM/FC) ratios from the proximate analysis, and atomic hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios and atomic oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios from the ultimate analysis. Further, pollution measures can be calculated including kg S/GJ, kg SO2/GJ, kg N/GJ, and kg ash/GJ. 

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