Arsenate resistance

Ji G, S Silver (1992) Reduction of arsenate to arsenite by the ArsC protein of the arsenic resistance operon of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pl258. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 9474-9478. 

HTHARSR helix turn helix, Arsenical Resistance Operon Repressor AB 0(0) 0(0) 1SMT... 

Meharg AA, Hartley-Whitaker I. 2002. Arsenic uptake and metabolism in arsenic resistant and nonresistant plant species. New Phytologist 154 29-43. 

Moreover, the use of resistant strains is of interest. Slama et al. [21] described a heavy metal resistant BOD-sensor using Alcaligenes eufrop/jus, which contains plasmids encoding resistance to nickel, copper, cadmium, and zinc. An arsenic resistant BOD-sensor based on Pseudomonas putida was developed by Ohki et al. [35]. Another interesting possibility is the elimination of heavy metals by covering the BOD-sensor with a poly(4-vinylpyridine)-coated polycarbonate membrane [36] or polyfsodium styrene sulfonate) [62]. 

Ohki A, ShinoharaK,Maeda S (1990) Biological oxygen demand sensor using an arsenic resistant bacterimn. Anal Sci 6 905-906... 

Carter NS, Fairlamb AH. Arsenical-resistant trypanosomes lack an unusual adenosine transporter. Nature 1993 361 173-176. 

Huysmans, K. D. Frankenberger, W.T. Jr, (1990). Arsenic resistant microorganisms isolated from agricultural drainage water and evaporation pond sediments. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 53, 159-68. 

Mielke, R.E., Southam, G. and Nordstrom, D.K. (2000) Arsenic resistant/oxidizing bacteria in acidic geothermal environments, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Abstracts with Programs. The Geological Society of America, 32(7), 190. 

Whenever you have troubles with a commercial unit you invariably get some "gleeful comments from competition who claim that their newly developed catalyst is arsenic resistant. What has happened is that the competitors fell into the same original trap as we did. When we added minute quantities of an alkylarsine compound to the feedstock the catalyst was not poisoned. Then it dawned on us that a laboratory unit has a tremendous surface to volume ratio as compared to a minute surface to volume ratio in a commercial unit and, in the laboratory, we were losing the poison on the walls prior to contact with the catalyst. Next, we inserted a tiny particle of arsenic on a wire above the catalyst and in less than an hour the catalyst was dead. 

Rathinasabapathi, B., Wu, S., Sundaram, S., Rivoal, J., Srivastava, M., and Ma, L.Q. 2006. Arsenic resistance in Pteris vittata L. Identification of a cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase based on cDNA expression cloning in Escherichia coli. Plant Molecular Biology, 62 845-57. 

D) Genes (arsRDABC) and proteins involved in the uptake of As(III) and As(V) (GlpF and Pst/ Pit transporter), reduction of As(V) (ArsC), extrusion of As(III) (ArsAB), and regulation (ArsRD) by arsenic resistant organisms. 

Thus the activation of the Pst system during the arsenic stress confers higher levels of arsenate resistance by virtue of reduced uptake of arsenate (Silver and Nakahara, 1983). Arsenite, in contrast, appears mostly unionized as As(OH)3 at neutral pH, with a pKa of 9.3 for dissociation to H2ASO3 (Ni Dhubhghaill and Sadler, 1991). 

V. GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC RESISTANCE MECHANISM... 

Butcher, B.G., Deane, S.M., Rawlings, D.E. (2000). The chromosomal arsenic resistance genes of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans have an unusual arrangement and confer increased arsenic and antimony resistance to Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 1826-33. 

Analysis of genes involved in arsenic resistance in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 6206-15. 

Wang, G., Kennedy, S.P., Fasiludeen, S., Rensing, C., DasSarma, S. (2004). Arsenic resistance in Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1 examined by using an improved gene knockout system. J. Bacterial. 186 3187-94. 

Wang, L., Chen, S., Xiao, X., Huang, X., You, D., Zhou, X., Deng, Z. (2006). arsRBOCT arsenic resistance system encoded by linear plasmid pHZ227 in Streptomyces sp. strain FR-008. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 3738 2. 

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