Area zebra

GIVALVIA Area zebra Area zebra Pinna camea Pecten ziczac Lygopaclen ap. Adarnusalum oolbacKI ... 

Sangster, A.W., Thomas, S.E. and Tingling, N.L., 1975. Fish attractants from marine invertebrates arcamine from Area zebra and strombine from Strombus gigas. Tetrahedron, 31 1135-1137. 

Solbakken JE, Knap AH, Searle CE, Palmork KH (1983) Uptake and elimination of [9- C]phenanthrene in the turkey wing mussel Area zebra). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 30 420-423 Solbakken JE, Knap AH, Sleeter TD, Searle CE, Palmork KH (1984) Investigation into the fate of C-labelled xenobiotics (naphthalene, phenanthrene, 2,4,5,2, 4, 5 -hexachlorobiphenyl, octa-chlorostyrene) in bermudian corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 16 149-154 Soumoff C, Skinner DM (1988) Eedysone 20-monooxygenase activity in land crabs. Comp Biochem Physiol 91C 139-144... 

An unusual behavior observed in mollusks is the so-called Exploratory-Feeding Behavior. The mollusks secrete a chemical substance, frequently an amino acid, which attracts its prey. Two of these fish attracting principles are arcamine (111) and strombine (112) from Area zebra and Strombus gigas respectively 406). 

Sangster, A.W., S.E. Thomas, and N.L. Tingling Fish Attractants from Marine Invertebrates. Arcamine from Area zebra and Strombine from Strombus gigas. Tetrahedron 31, 1135-1137 (1975). 

MOL. WT. 210 SPECTRAL data Mass Spec organism Area zebra (Mollusca) reference 354... 

Figure 18. Phase diagram of the NaCl - NiCI2 system. The stipled area is the operating region of the ZEBRA cell.

Zebra mussel is native to Eastern Europe however, it has spread all over the continent during the last 200 years [37]. In the mid 1980s, the species reached North America, where it colonized the Great Lakes and extended by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico [38], In the Flix area, local residents found some zebra mussel in 2001. The occurrence of these species in the Ebro River is accidental. In fact, the larvae probably arrived brought in the water where living baits are transported. Other pathways could have been boats or anchors [39],... 

In fact, an extensive work on mercury and organomercury levels in zebra mussels collected in several sampling sites in the Flix reservoir area has been reported [32]. The specific sampling points were located in (a) hot spot, (b) wildlife reserve located on the river bank opposite the factory, (c) the meander located immediately downstream from the dam, and (d) a reference site located 1-2 km upstream from the reservoir (Fig. 2). 

The average THg concentration of all tissue samples (n = 285) was 0.2482 0.2546 pg/g, wet weight, ww, ranging from 0.0148 to 0.8052 pg/g. The highest levels were found at the factory site, close to the waste dumping point, followed by the meander, wildlife reserve, and reference sites (Table 1). This fact indicates an important mercury uptake by zebra mussels at the hot spot and redistribution to areas located immediately downstream and near to the river bank opposite the dumping site. 

The range of THg concentrations found in zebra mussels from the Flix dam area (0.16-6.81 pg/g, dry weight, dw) was the highest ever reported worldwide (Table 2). 

Fig. 2 Location of the lower Ebro River catchment, zebra mussel, crayfish, and fish species sampling sites in the Flix dam area. Samples were taken at several stations in the four areas (RF = control site upstream WR = wildlife reserve HS = hot spot or chlor-alkali plant, and MD = meander). Positions of dams (black bars) and overflow dams (grey bars) are indicated to illustrate the mutual isolation of aquatic organisms sampled...

Table 1 Mean and range THg concentrations (pg/g ww) in zebra mussels at the different stations investigated in the Flix area. Adapted from [32]...

In the Flix area, the determination of THg levels in muscle of red swamp crayfish individuals sampled has been reported [48]. Several specimens were collected in the same stations as zebra mussels. 

Figure 4.5 Volumes (mm ) of female zebra finch song nuclei area X, HVC, and nucleus robustus of the archistriatum (RA). The finches were orally treated as chicks at the age of 5-11 days with estradiol henzoate (EB), octylphenol (OP), methoxychlor (MXC), or dicofol (D). Canola was used as a control and as a vehicle to EB, OP, MXC, and D. The bars are mean + SE and the number of replicates per treatment are specified by the number at the base of each bar. Note that the volume (y axis) is expressed on a log scale and the asterisks denote groups that are significantly different from the control (i.e.. Canola-treated birds). Instances in area X where there are no bars show that no nuclei were detectable with that specified number of rephcates. (Adapted from Quaghno et al., 2002.)...

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