Architecture general principles

Chapters 2 and 3 have already introduced the reader to the general principles of the architecture, synthesis, and functionalisation of dendritic molecules - including hyperbranched and dendronised (linear) polymers (denpols). This chapter will now consider specific molecular scaffolds and syntheses of important types of dendrimers and their individual properties. More specialised and appli-cations-relevant properties of particular dendrimers are compiled in Chapter 8. 

It appears that the discreteness of a structure is a general principle of protein architecture, which not only reflects the evolution of the protein molecule but also has a deep physical ground (Privalov, 1985, 1986). It is just this unique thermodynamic property of the protein molecule that has made possible a quantitative definition of protein stability. 

For the purpose of this paper, most reference will be made to the inks segment but the general principles discussed are relevant to all application fields. The phrase polymer architecture is used in a broad context to include all aspects of chemical and physical composition, not only topology. 

In the preceding two chapters we have described the crystal structures of a considerable number of elements and simple compounds, and in the course of these discussions many of the principles determining the architecture of the solid state have implicitly emerged. It is now desirable, however, that we should consider some of these principles in a more explicit way, and this we do in the present chapter. Although there are as yet many structures still to be considered, we shall find that most of the ideas we wish to discuss can be well illustrated in terms of the simple structures already described, and that other more complex structures merely provide further illustrations of the same general principles. 

This concludes our discussion of some of the general principles underlying the internal architecture of crystals. As we have seen, it has been possible to illustrate these principles in terms of the relatively simple structures so far described. We now proceed to consider the crystal structures of compounds of greater chemical complexity. Such structures do, of course, display a number of features not hitherto encountered, but we shall find that these features can for the most part be interpreted in terms of the general principles already discussed, and that few further such principles will have to be invoked. 

Regimes, such as the CLRTAP and EU framework directives, typically start out with a framework agreement that lays out the general principles, the ultimate objective, and the institutional architecture. Once member... 

The sensitivity enhancement due to lasing action is a general principle that is independent of sensor architecture. Chemical sensitivity enhancements have been observed when the polymer is fabricated into a simple planar waveguide (Fig. 5.11a), deposited over a distributed feedback (DFB) grating (Fig. 5.11b) and coated on the exterior of an optical fiber (Fig. 5.11c). 

General Principles of Structure.— The structures so far studied by X-ray analysis indicate that a wide variation of molecular architecture is possible. 

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