Archimedean method

The density of melts of the system LiF-NaF-K2NbF7 was measured using the Archimedean method by Chrenkova et al. (2005). The values of the constants a and b of the temperature dependence on density, p = a — bt, obtained using the linear regression analysis together with the standard deviations of approximation are given in Table 5.1. 

The hydrostatic weighing is the most common and most precise method of density measurement in molten salts. It is also well known as the Archimedean method, as it is based on the Archimedean law. 

The Archimedean method can be used for the density measurement in not-too-viscous liquids, in order to enable the sphere to equilibrate. For liquids, the viscosity of which exceeds O.SPa.s, the falling body method is suitable. This method can be used for simultaneous measurement of viscosity and density and is described in detail in Section 9.2.2. 

The density of the investigated melts was measured using the Archimedean method. The platinum sphere with the diameter of 20 mm, suspended using the platinum wire on the automatic analytical balance. For the measuring device control and the evaluation of experimental data the on-line PC XT computer was used. The experimental error of the density measurement was less then 0.4 %. 

H. Sasaki, E. Tokizaki, K. Terashima, and S. Kimura, 1994, Density Variation of Molten Silicon Measured by an Improved Archimedean Method ,... 

Densities required for the calculation of viscosity were obtained in three ways. The densities of the salt solutions were measured by Archimedean displacement (9) of a borosilicate glass bob weighed in air, water, and the solvents and solutions. The results were expressed as linear functions of the molar concentration of salt, and the slopes obtained are recorded in Table II. Densities of the solvent mixtures were taken from published tables (10,11). Densities of the stock acetone and methanol were measured by a conventional pycnometer to greater precision than the salt solutions, and they were compared with the literature values for analysis and with the values obtained by displacement as a check. The two methods agreed within 0.0005 g/ml. 

The lattice parameters of the hexagonal p-SiAlON phase were calculated from the XRD peaks ofthe products by employing the least-squares method. The lattice parameter a was calculated from (100), (110), (20 0), (2 10), (3 0 0), and (310) peaks of P-SiAlON, and the lattice parameter c was calculated from the (101) peak using the calculated a value. The bulk density of the spark-plasma-sintered (SPSed) specimens was measured according to the Archimedean principle, using distilled water as the medium. The detailed experimental procedure was published in paper [11]. 

TC-7000, ULVAC Sinku Riko Co., Yokohama, Japan) from room temperature to 800 °C. The thermal diffusivity was analyzed with the ty2 method. The bulk density was measured according to the Archimedean principle using distilled water as the medium. All the experiments were carried out under a flowing argon gas atmosphere. The thermal conductivity (K) of P-SiAlONs was determined by following equation ... 

In the pellatrici method, the peel oil is removed during the rst step and the fruit juice in the second step (Figure 5.5). In the rst step, the fruit is fed through a slowly turning Archimedean screw-type valve. The screw is covered with numerous spikes that will bruise the oil cells in the... 

For molten silicon, density is measured either by the maximum bubble pressure, sessile drop, levitation, Archimedean or pycnometer method. Mukai and Yuan [14] evaluated density and thermal expansion coefficient of molten silicon precisely. Figure 4.3 shows the principle of the improved sessile drop method, where the volume of a droplet is obtained from its recorded shape. The density, p, is calculated dividing mass M by the volume V, as follows. 

The densities of molten salts [3, 211-215] can be measured accurately as functions of the temperature (and pressure) by a variety of methods [215]. At the elevated temperatures needed the archimedean sinker method is widely used and... 

Chykhrij (1990a) determined the SmCuP2 structure by a single-crystal method, the atomic parameters were refined using powder intensities to R=0.100. The atomic arrangement around PI and P2 is an 8-vertices polyhedron and Archimedean cube, respectively. The interatomic distances are close to the corresponding sum of atomic radii. 

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