Archae bacteria

Although spliceosomal introns appear to be limited to eukaryotes, the other intron classes are not. Genes with group I and II introns have now been found in both bacteria and bacterial viruses. Bacteriophage T4, for example, has several protein-encoding genes with group I introns. Introns appear to be more common in archae-bacteria than in eubacteria. 

Methanopterin (20) is a folate analogue that is isolated from an archae-bacteria, Methanosarcina thermophila, and the bacteria produces methane from CO2 under anaerobic conditions [18-24]. In the methane-producing metabolic process (Scheme 2), tetrahydromethanopterin (21) is known to work as a cofactor for the reduction of the Ci unit. Here, 21 accepts a formyl group that originates from CO2 and transforms it into the formyl... 

Cavalier-Smith T. (2002) The neomuran origin of archae-bacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52, 7-76. 

Figure 9.9 Unusual di- and tetra-ether lipids from Archae bacteria (archaebacteria). (a) 2,3-Di-O-phylanyl-sw-glycerol (b) Iranf-biphytanyl diglycerol tetra ether.

AU cytochromes P450, from soluble enzymes in archae and bacteria to the mammalian integral membrane proteins, have essentially the same fold, which is specific for fhis superfamily despite their functional diversity (17) (Fig. 2). Only several enzymes with this fold do not follow classic P450 mechanism... 

Vitamin biochemistry is a fascinating topic of knowledge. Many of the functions of "the vitamins," as revealed in this chapter, also take place in plants, bacteria, and archae. However, those interesting in delving deeper will be delighted to Icam about further functions of "the vitamins" that take place in these life forms. One of the stranger functions, for example, is the role of folates as a structural component in some bacterial viruses. 

The three primary kingdoms of cells are Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archae. 

Historically, efforts to characterize the cell s basal protein folding and degradation machinery have been spearheaded by the analysis of proteins specifically induced by the classic heat shock response. Yet it is clear that cellular responses to heat and other stresses that compromise protein folding encompass a range of biochemical activities far broader than molecular chaperones and proteases. The availability of complete genomic sequences from a range of eukaryotes, bacteria, and archae,... 

With the exception of mease, which is found in bacteria, fungi, algae and higher plants, the other Ni-mediated processes, such as hydrogen uptake and production, reduction of C02 to CH4 and CO metabolism are restricted to bacteria and archae. In this chapter we will focus on these various metabolic reactions emphasizing the role played by nickel. 

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