Aquifer restoration LNAPL recovery

Requires characterization of subsurface hydrogeologic conditions, delineation and chemical characterization of LNAPL product pools, recovery of LNAPL product and overall aquifer restoration, and soil remediation... 

All projects involving any significant quantity of LNAPL product recovery require the consideration of economic factors. Careful planning to optimize each project phase can lead to the lowest cost of operation and can occasionally generate positive cash flow, while currently accomplishing aquifer restoration. A basic premise in this discussion is that the recovered LNAPL is suitable for reuse (i.e., as refinery feed stock or fuel for incinerators). Products unsuitable for resale only add to the debit side of the economic equation. 

Selection of approach or combination of approaches to LNAPL recovery and ultimately aquifer rehabilitation and restoration is dependent on numerous factors as discussed in the previous chapters. The case histories presented below reflect different remediation approaches and strategies in response to varying geologic and hydrogeologic conditions, site-specific constraints, and regulatory environment. A variety of LNAPL recovery systems are first discussed, including ... 

A case study is presented that demonstrates the importance of evaluating lithofacies distribution, or lateral and vertical heterogeneities, and depositional environment as a control on LNAPL occurrence and migration, and implementation of an effective and efficient remediation strategy. This is followed by a case history on the development of a long-term remedial strategy for LNAPL recovery and aquifer restoration from a regional perspective. 

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