Approximately sign

In fact we obtain estimates of b from regression, so strictly there should be a hat on top of the b, but in order to simplify the notation we ignore the hat and so the approximation sign becomes an equals sign. 

In this equation the term on the left of the approximation sign is the binomial and the term on the right is the Poisson. The solution requires transforming the binomial expression into the Poisson. 

This table presents an evaluated set of values for the experimental quantities that characterize the decay of radioactive nuclides. A list of the major references used in this evaluation is given below. When uncertainties are not listed, they are assumed to be five or less in the last digit quoted. If they exceed five in the last digit, the value is prefaced by an approximate sign. For quasi-stable nu-... 

The portion of Eq. (24.8) following the approximation sign is a Taylor series expansion about z = 0. Note that if the factor of z were zero, gradient error would be reduced to terms dependent on z . Selecting d = 0.5 /3 makes the z factor vanish. The remaining relative error fi om the ideal gradient may be approximated by dividing the fifth-order z factor by the first-order z factor ... 

The approximation sign accounts for the fact that we have replaced the discrete-time frequency response by its corresponding continuous-time form. Equation (6.55) indicates that the closed-loop firequency response Gr- y jw) evaluated at the set of frequencies, w = 0, radians/time, deter-... 

Case 4 The flat liquid-phase profile indicates that the liquid phase is well stirred and shows no mass transfer resistance. Because the gas-phase concentration diminishes in the negative direction, the transfer will be from liquid to gas. There is also a total absence of liquid-phase resistance (flat x-profile), and the same equation applies as in Case 1 but in a precise sense marked by the absence of an approximation sign ... 

The approximation sign is due to the fact that concentrations have been used in place of activities and K refers to the apparent equilibrium constant. 

Equation (376) allows evaluation of agjJj from constants and formal or initial molar solution concentrations with the approximation sign denoting the approximation,... 

Please note that Eq. (78) was originally published as an equality sign [24]. Since the same author published the same equation as an approximation sign 10 years later in a review paper [26], the equation is shown as an approximation sign [24, 26]. For known crossover, salt and entanglement concentrations, the degree of entanglement points per chain can be calculated [24]. 

---