Applications, photoconductors measurements

In this chapter we take a careful look at the phenomenon of electrical conductivity of materials, particularly electrolytic solutions. In the first section, the nature of electrical conductivity and its relation to the electrolyte composition and temperature is developed. The first section and the second (which deals with the direct-current contact methods for measuring conductance) introduce the basic considerations and techniques of conductance measurement. This introduction to conductance measurements is useful to the scientist, not only for electrolytic conductance, but also for understanding the applications of common resistive indicator devices such as thermistors for temperature, photoconductors for light, and strain gauges for mechanical distortion. The third section of this chapter describes the special techniques that are used to minimize the effects of electrode phenomena on the measurement of electrolytic conductance. In that section you will encounter the most recent solutions to the problems of conductometric measurements, the solutions that have sparked the resurgent interest in analytical conductometry. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Gray selenium has an electrical conductivity that increases with temperature and thus exhibits a semiconducting behavior. Selenium has also been demonstrated to be a photoconductor and hence finds applications as selenium photocells used for the measurement of the intensity of light. 

Major Applications Sensors, - photoconductors, copying materials, rubber, 3- 5 body fluid testing, determination of calcium, magnesium, tin, method for measuring urea nitrogen, liposomal construct for diagnostic use, cardiovascular disease, antibacterial agent Safety/Toxicity In vitro toxicity ... 

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