Applications cathode layer excitation

Application of direct current voltage induces injection of electrons and holes at cathode and anode producing radical anions and radical cations, respectively, and their recombination excites the EL compound. The injected charges are transported by hopping between the carrier compounds at a high voltage of 10 V cm . The carrier mobility is not high, around 10 10 cm V s , but the time needed to reach the recombination layer is very short, about 10 s, because of the thin layer of around 100 nm, so that the response of the device is very quick [113]. 

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