Apoptotic bodies formation

Ganguly et al. [93] demonstrated that (unspecified) tylophora alkaloids could induce apoptosis in a human erythroleukemic cell line (K562) on the basis of nuclear condensation, apoptotic body formation, flipping of membrane phosphatidylserine, activation of caspase 3 and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. These findings suggest that tylophora alkaloids, in addition to their antiproliferative activity, can also induce apoptosis in certain types of tumor cells. 

Nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic body formation. Chromatin condensation No characteristic nuclear alterations... 

Shiokawa D, Maruta H, Tanuma S. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase suppress nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic-body formation during apoptosis in HL-60 cells. FEBS Lett 1997 413(1) 99-103. 

Formation of apoptotic bodies which are engulfed and cleared by phagocytes... 

Proteins involved in cellular architecture such as actin, laminins, and a-fodrin are clipped, allowing the cytoskeleton to be disassembled. This affects the plasma membrane and results in the formation of apoptotic bodies. Macrophages can remove these by phagocytosis. 

Step III Cellular Fragmentation or Formation of Apoptotic Bodies... 

As stated above, our system should also allow for the identification of genes involved in 6-OHDA-induced DA neuron degeneration and cell death pathways reminiscent of PD. The two main types of cell death that can occur during normal development and disease are apoptosis and necrosis (121,122). Both forms of cell death are morphologically distinct. Apoptosis results in cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, whereas necrosis... 

Apoptosis is delayed and may be maximal at 24-48 h after an insult. However, apoptotic cells can be seen even within 6 h of an insult, but are not common. Apoptosis involves condensation of the nucleus. Condensation of the cytoplasm occurs with large vacuole formation. Some mitochondria may condense. Very uncommonly, some mitochondria swell in apoptosis. The cell splits up into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that can be seen in the limit areas surrounding the core of an infarction. Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death that occurs following a small but sufficient amount of damage to a cell. This initiates a program that eventually kills the cell. 

The proportion of apoptotic cells present in a particular tissue section is usually quite low, oftentimes only 1-2% of the total cell population even in a tissue in which widespread and massive apoptotic necrosis is known to be occurring. In normal tissues, for example liver, the background of apoptotic cells is as low as 0.1%, which may be a problem if semi-quantification via counting is desired (see below). The rapidity of formation and the rapid degradation of the bodies by adjacent cells or phagocytes are major factors behind the low number of identifiable apoptotic bodies in a histologic sections and hence may lead the observer to underestimate the actual proportion of cells that are or have undergone the process. If the peak of the apoptotic response has passed, it may be almost impossible to determine if... 

Decreased, as well as the formation of small, fragmented apoptotic bodies or inclusions Preserved... 

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