Apolipoprotein reference concentrations

A 64-year-old woman who had taken metformin for 3 years had a high-density lipoprotein concentration of 1.2 mmol/1, which fell to 0.26 mmol/1 when she took rosiglitazone. The HbAic fell from 10.1% to 7.9%. Fenofibrate was added and the HDL concentration fell further to 0.11 mmol/1. Triglycerides, 2.7 mmol/1 before treatment, increased to 4.7 mmol/1. Apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were low at 0.14 g/ 1 (reference range 1.1-2.05 g/1). On withdrawing both the rosiglitazone and the fenofibrate the HDL concentration rose to 0.95 mmol/1. 

Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) are less dense than chylomicrons. They contain more protein, although lipids (fatty acids, cholesterol and phospholipid, in that order) still make up 90 to 95 percent of their weight. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are about 85 percent lipid by weight and contain more cholesterol than any other kind of lipid. VLDL and LDL contain large amounts of Apolipoprotein B. The VLDL and LDL are sometimes referred to as bad cholesterol because elevated serum concentrations of these lipoproteins correspond with a high incidence of artery disease (stroke and heart disease). The LDLs carry cholesterol and fatty acids to sites of cellular membrane synthesis. 

Reference Lipid, Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein Concentrations... 

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