Apocrine sweat glands

Skin appendages can be distinguished into hair follicles with their associated sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and nails. 

The appendages of skin are hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, hair, nails, and arrector pili muscles. 

While eccrine sweat glands use evaporation to cool the body, apocrine sweat glands use evaporation primarily to emit an odor or scent. Apocrine sweat glands produce fatty, odor-heavy liquids in the armpits and around the genital areas of humans. When sweat evaporates from these areas, the scents are carried into the air as gases. 

Apocrine sweat glands Glands that produce fatty, odor-heavy liquids in the armpits and around the genital areas of humans. 

The peripheral nervous system effects are considered as under-stimulation of the end organs. This decreased stimulation of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in the skin results in dry skin and a dry mouth, and is considered dry as a bone . The reduction in the ability to dispel heat by evaporative cooling decreases sweating, and the compensatory cutaneous vasodilation causes the skin to become warm or hot as a hare and red as a beet . This is similar to the atropine flush. The decreased heat loss also results in an increased core temperature. 

Uninnervated receptors Some receptors that respond to autonomic transmitters and drugs receive no innervation. These include muscarinic receptore on the endothelium of blood vessels, some presynaptic receptors, and, in some species, the adrenoceptors on apocrine sweat glands and a, and P adrenoceptors in some blood vessels. 

The ultimate source of axillary odor are apocrine sweat glands. The secretion which appears initially on the surface is both sterile and odorless, but the characteristic odor is generated when resident microorganisms interact with it. Leyden et al. (600) and Labows et al. (602) found that the ability of bacteria to produce the pungent sweat odor is restricted to aerobic diphteroids. 

The first outbreak of Pseudomonas folliculitis was described by McCausland and Cox in 1975 [83]. Since then, over 75 cases have been reported [84-88], with most now probably not reported. The distribution of the rash, which is papulopustular and usually pruritic [89], usuaUy coincides with the areas of the body exposed to the whirlpool buttocks, trunk, proximal extremities and axillae are common areas [84, 89]. The folliculitis has a predilection for sites with apocrine sweat glands, such as the axilla and groin. It does not occur on the palms or soles. Other manifestations of infection with Pseudomonas include fever, malaise and fatigue and, occasionally, mastitis and otitis externa. 

Hydradenitis suppurativa Apocrine sweat glands Bad body odor... 

The appendages of the skin include hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the nails. All of these structures, except the nails, originate in the dermis. Because a detailed discussion of the skin appendages is beyond the scope of this chapter, we refer the readers to several reviews [1,2]. 

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