AP-1 transcription factor

Recent studies have demonstrated that lithium (and to a lesser extent VPA) produces, at therapeutically relevant concentrations, complex alterations in basal and/or stimulated DNA-binding of 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) response element (TRE) to AP-1 transcription factors. These alterations are produced not only in human SH-SY5Y cells in vitro, but also in rodent brain following chronic, in vivo administration [5, 7, 15-21]. Corresponding to an increase in basal AP-1 DNA-binding activity, lithium and VPA have been shown to increase the expression of a luciferase reporter gene driven by an SV40 promoter that contains TREs in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Mutations in the TRE... 

Yuan PX, Manji HK. Lithium Stimulates Gene Expression Through the AP-1 Transcription Factor Pathway. Mol Brain Res 1998 58 225-230. 

MEKK-1, ERK, p38, and JNK/SAPK. The results are the phosphorylation of IkB and its dissociation from NFkB, thus permitting the translocation of NFkB to the nucleus, as well as the activation of the AP-1 transcription factors Jun and Fos. 

Pennypacker K. R., Thai L., Hong J. S., and McMillian M. K. (1994). Prolonged expression of AP-1 transcription factors in the rat hippocampus after systemic kainate treatment. J. Neurosci. 14 3998-4006. 

Shen Q, Uray IP, Li Y, Krisko TI, Strecker TE, Kim HT, Brown PH. The AP-1 transcription factor regulates breast cancer cell growth via cycUns and E2F factors. Oncogene. In Press. 

Stauble, B., Boscoboinik, D., Tasinato, A., and Azzi, A. (1994). Modulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor and protein kinase C by hydrogen peroxide and D-alpha-tocopherol in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Biochem 226, 393-402. 

Many transcription factors, such as Myc and Fos, are proto-oncoproteins (the products of proto-oncogenes). MAP kinase, in addition to inducing myc and fos, also directly activates the AP-1 transcription factor through phosphorylation (see Fig. 18.5). AP-1 is a heterodimer formed by the protein products of the fos and jun families of proto-oncogenes. The targets of AP-1 activation are genes involved in... 

Asbestos induces NF-kB and AP-1 transcription-factor activation, possibly through ROS-mediated hpid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism. In macrophages, asbestos caused increased release of arachidonic acid and the formation of prostaglandins E2 and F2a In alveolar macrophages, asbestos induced the releases of arachidonic acid metabolites as early as 1 h post-in vitro exposure. Persistent release of arachidonic acid metabolites at sites of asbestos deposition are implicated in the constitutive activation of NF-kB. ... 

Han, S.S. et al.. Capsaicin suppresses phorbol ester-induced activation ofNF-kB/Rel and AP-1 transcription factors in mouse epidermis. Cancer Lett., 164, 119, 2001. 

Raivich G, Behrens A (2006) Role of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun in developing, adult and injured brain. Prog Neurobiol 78 347-363... 

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