Ap amyloid

BACE-1 (p-secretase) is one of the enzymes involved in breaking down APP to produce Ap (amyloid p-peptide, Ap40>42), the protein that eventually oligomerizes to form Ap plaques, the hallmark of Alzheimer s disease (AD). Thus an agent that... 

Compound B (PIB) which demonstrates AP amyloid burden in vivo. This brain penetrant nC-labeled uncharged thioflavin derivative binds to A[3 with high affinity [16]. The PET patterns of labeled PIB are interpreted to reflect the A[3 burden in the brain [ 16]. In comparison with controls, subjects with AD show marked retention of label in several areas of brain that usually accumulate amyloid. This approach should eventually prove useful for enhancing accuracy of diagnosis and should allow assessment of the efficacies of new anti-amyloid therapeutics. Further details of brain imaging are found in Ch. 58. 

AP amyloid neuritic plaques CAA cerebral amyloid angiopathy DG Dentate gyrus DP diffuse (preamyloid) plaques NFT neurofibrillar tangles NR not reported P-Tau hyperphosphorylated MAPT tau protein. 

AP Amyloid-beta is a peptide of 39 3 amino acids that is the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer s disease patients. Similar plaques appear in some variants of Lewy body dementia and in inclusion body myositis, a muscle disease. Ap also forms aggregates coating cerebral blood vessels in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. 

Ap amyloid-p APAE 1 apoptodc pepddase acdvadng factor 1... 

SYNTHESIS OF ALZHEIMER S (1-42) Ap-AMYLOID PEPTIDE WITH PREFORMED Fmoc-AMINOACYL... 

Alzheimer s (1-42) AP-Amyloid Peptide with Fmoc-Aminoacyl Fluorides 867... 

AP amyloid-P APAF I apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1... 

Crocin is a carotenoid from the stigma of the saffron flower with many medicinal properties, including antioxidant effects. Crocin has the ability to prevent amyloid formation. The antiamy-loidogenic effect of crocin may be exerted not only by the inhibition of Ap amyloid formation but also by the disruption of amyloid aggregate [384],... 

AP amyloid 42-residue peptide from a normal transmembrane protein, the amyloid precursor protein (APP)... 

Many mechanisms of aggregation of amyloids have been studied and provide us with the insight into ways to control amyloid formation. Among the variety of protein amyloids, p-amyloids (i.e., Ap (1-40), Ap (1-42), Ap (1-43)) have been considered critical to understanding Alzheimer s disease [27]. The plaques in brain tissue with Alzheimer s disease are predominantly comprised of two Ap amyloids, Ap (1-40) and Ap (1-42). 

MIPD has also been utilized for potential diagnostic use in Alzheimer s disease. Willbold et al. used the all-o version of Ap(l-42) amyloid peptide as a target to screen a commercial phage display library to generate a dominant consensus sequence whose all D-amino acid analog o-pep bound the native AP(l-42) sequence with submicromolar affinity [181]. In addition, a fluorescein-labeled derivative of o-pep was shown to stain native Ap amyloid fibrils specifically, suggesting it may be useful as a diagnostic probe for amyloid plaques. 

Figure 7.38. Amyloid precursor protein Single residue T,-based hydrophobicity plot. Bar indicates AP-amyloid (1-42), an amyloid fiber-producing sequence, the longest, most apolar P-structure-producing sequence of the protein.

Lai R, Lin H, Quist AP. Amyloid beta ion charmel 3D structure and relevance to amyloid charmel paradigm. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 1768(8) 1966-1975. 

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