Antipsychotic drugs effects

Lieberman, J.A., Mailman, R.B., Duncan, G., Sikich, L., Chakos, M., Nichols, D.E., and Kraus, J.E. (1998) Serotonergic basis of antipsychotic drug effects in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 44 1099-1117. 

Third phase the general loss of drive is only minor whereas emotional responsiveness is still reduced the patient seems to be indifferent and shows little spontaneity the antipsychotic drug effect is retained and, in many cases, the patient s insight into his illness (and hence also the possibility for psycho- and sociotherapeutic measures) increases. 

Lieberman, J., Tollefson, G., Zipursky, G., Zipursky, S., Sharma, T., Kahn, R., et al. (2005b). Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 361-370. 

Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Wiesel FA, Forslund K, Pauli S, Halldin C, Uppfeldt G (1993) Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects. A double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 33 227-235. 

C. C. Abbott, A. Jaramillo, C. E. Wilcox and D. A. Hamilton, Antipsychotic Drug Effects in Schizophrenia A Review of Longitudinal fMRI Investigations and Neural Interpretations, Curr. Med. Chem., 2013, 20, 428. 

Extrapyramidal effects usually diminish with a reduction in the dosage of the antipsychotic drug. The primary health care provider may also prescribe an antiparkinsonism drug, such as benztropine (see Chap. 29) to reduce the incidence of Parkinson-like symptoms. 

When administering the antipsychotic drugs, the nurse observes the patient for extrapyramidal effects , which include muscular spasms of the face and neck, the inability to steep or s t still, tremors rigidity, or involuntary rhythmic movements The nurse notifiesthe primary health care provider of the occurrence of these symptoms because they may indicate a need for dosage adjustment. 

The advent of novel atypical antipsychotic drugs has sharpened the debate in the UK about the cost burden of schizophrenia to the National Health Service (NHS) and the relative cost-effectiveness of these drugs. Schizophrenia has a prevalence of about 0.5% and a lifetime risk of 1%. Because the disease affects adolescents and has a lifetime course associated with a high degree of hospital and social... 

Bunney, B.S. Aghajanian, G.K. and Roth, R.H. Dopaminergic neurons Effect of antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine on single cell activity. 

Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) investigators. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in people with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005 353 1209-1223. 

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