Antimony valence electron configuration

Tlie outer electron configuration of antimony is 5s 5p. Tlie Lewis structure is shown belo All five valence electrons are shared in the five covalent bonds. The octet rule is not obeyed. (Tlie electrons on the clilorine atoms have been omitted for clarity.)... 

The n-type semiconductors are doped intrinsic semiconductors in which the dopant is a pentavalent element, for instance chemical elements of group VA(15) of the periodic chart such as arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), or phosphorus (P). The substitutional impurities will give a supplementary electron owing to their ns np electronic configuration containing five rather than four outer-shell electrons. Therefore, the density of holes in the valence band is exceeded by the density of electrons in the conduction band. A hole is a mobile electron vacancy in a semiconductor that acts like a positive electron charge with a positive mass. Then, the n-type behavior is induced by doping with the addition of pentavalent element... 

In order to explain this important new effect on the periodic system, we need to see how relativistic effects change the properties of valence electrons in the region of element 114. In Fig. 24.S we see the radii of the pi/2 and P3/2 valence electrons of antimony, bismuth, and element IIS (eka-bismuth). We pick element 115 for this discussion for the moment because the point is better made with it than with 114. In antimony the splitting between the p electrons of total angular momentum 1 /2 and the p electrons with total angular momentum 3/2 is so small as to be of no importance. Also we just speak of a Sp configuration for antimony, and the designation ofpi/2 and P3/2 is actually somewhat artificial from the point of view of its chemistry. This same story is almost, but not quite, true for bismuth. It is. 

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