Antimicrobial resistance origin

Lees P, Concorde D, Shojaee Aliabadi F, Toutain PL, Drug selection and optimisation of dosage schedules to minimize antimicrobial resistance, in Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin, Aarestrup FM, ed., ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2006, pp. 49-71. 

S0RUM H (2006) Antimicrobial drug resistance in fish pathogens, in Aarestrup F (ed.) Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin. Washington DC ASM Press, 213-238. 

The impact of the proposal may reopen a debate on the way in which SALs appear to be applied to aseptic processing. The origins of the SAL concept lie in terminal sterilization and rest heavily on the extrapolated effects of uniform sterilization treatments to populations of contaminants defined in terms of resistance and of numbers of contaminants (biobuiden). The process of aseptic manufacture is a process of contamination control the frequency of occurrence of a contaminated item within a population of aseptically filled items is a measure of bioburden, not a measure of the SAL. The SAL is the probability of those contaminants surviving, and this is a function of the types of contaminants and the formulation of the product. Formulations can be made to be antimicrobial. In principle this is no different from chemical sterilization. 

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