Invertebrates antimicrobial peptides

Bioactive peptides as products of hydrolysis of diverse marine invertebrate (shellfish, crustacean, rotifer, etc.) proteins are the focus of current research. After much research on these muscles and byproducts, some biologically active peptides were identified and applied to useful compounds for human utilization. This chapter reviews bioactive peptides from marine invertebrates in regarding to their bioactivities. Additionally, specific characteristics of antihypertensive, anti-Alzheimer, antioxidant, antimicrobial peptide enzymatic production, methods to evaluate bioactivity capacity, bioavailability, and safety concerns of peptides are reviewed. 

Otero-Gonzalez, A. J., Magalhaes, B. S., Garcia-Villarino, M., Lopez-Abarrategui, C., Sousa, D. A., Dias, S. C., and Franco, O. L. (2010). Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates as a new frontier for microbial infection control. FASEB ]. 24,1320-1334. 

Tincu, J. A. and Taylor, S. W. (2004). Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 3645-3654. 

Sperstad, S. V., Haug, T., Blencke, H. M., Styrvol, . B., Li, C, and Stensvag, K. (2011). Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates Challengers and perspectives in marine antimicrobial peptide discovery. Biotechnol. Adv. 29, 519-530. 

Key Words Invertebrate immunity antimicrobial peptides immune effectors mass spectrometry drug discovery Drosophila arthropods peptide purification molecular mass fingerprints bioactive peptides. 

Hetru, C., Bulet, P. (1997) Strategies for the isolation and characterization of antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates, in Antimicrobial Peptide Protocols (Shafer, W.M., ed.), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 35-49. 

Many organisms, from invertebrates to humans, rely on conserved cationic amphipathic oligopeptide sequences to augment the immune system [105]. These antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are secreted by immune cells to serve as first-line, broad-spectrum antibiotics [105]. Cationic AMPs associate with negatively charged bacterial membranes. 

The antimicrobial peptides of vertebrates have an even number of cysteines, ranging from two to eight, which form disulfide bridges that stiffen the molecule. The presence of antimicrobial peptides having a single cysteine in ascidian Protochordata can be regarded as a link between invertebrates and vertebrates (Lee et al., 2001a). 

Characterization of two crustin antimicrobial peptides from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, J Invertebr Pathol, 104,234-8. 

ROSA R D and barracco m a (2010), Antimicrobial peptides in custaceans , Invertebr... 

Hancock, R.E., Brown, K.L., and Mookherjee, N. (2006) Host defence peptides from invertebrates—emerging antimicrobial strategies. Immunobiology 211(4), 315-322. 

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