Antifoam reagents

Carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes to foaming and increases consumption of antifoam reagents. 

Activities associated with bioreactors include gas/hquid contacting, on-hne sensing of concentrations, mixing, heat transfer, foam control, and feed of nutrients or reagents such as those for pH control. The workhorse of the fermentation industry is the conventional batch fermenter shown in Fig. 24-3. Not shown are ladder rungs inside the vessel, antifoam probe, antifoam system, and sensors (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and the like). Note that coils may lie between baffles and the tank wall or connect to the top to minimize openings... 

Use Hydraulic fluids, rubber lubricants, antifoam agents, intermediates in urethane foams, adhesives, coatings, elastomers, plasticizers, paint formulations, laboratory reagent. 

The reagents required are 96% acetic acid, 30% HCl, 65% HNO3, 96% H2SO4, KI, NH2OH, NaOH, silicone antifoam emulsion, and Na2EDTA. All chemicals should be checked for antimony impurities before use. Antimony is an element that is only occasionally included in purity specifications, e.g., Sb standard, high-purity water, helium (99.999%). 

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