Antiepileptic drugs amino acids

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant that is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). One proposed mechanism suggests inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes, that modulates presynaptic transmitter release of excitatory amino acids (e.g., glutamate, aspartate). Bipolar disorder use in maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder to delay... 

The antiepileptic drug lacosamide, a functionalized amino acid, has a novel mechanism of action—selective enhancement of slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in stabilization of hyperexcita-ble neuronal membranes [128 ]. 

Some nonproteinogenic amino acids, produced enzymatically, are shown in Table 29.4 for example, L-homophenylalanine, a key intermediate of levetiracetam and brivaracetam applicable as antiepileptic drugs, or D-fluoroalanine, a key intermediate of antibiotics inactivating the bacterial D-alanine transaminase. In Table 29.4 a selection of proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids, the used biocatalysts, synthesis strategies, and the substrates used are listed. 

M. E. Jung and T. Shaw, Total synthesis of (R)-glycerol acetonide and the antiepileptic and hypotensive drug (-)-y-amino-/l-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) use of vitamin C as a chiral starting material, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102 (1980) 6304-6313. 

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