Antibody tissue necrosis factor

Santora, L. C., Krull, I. S., and Grant, K., Characterization of recombinant human monoclonal tissue necrosis factor-alpha antibody using cation-ex-change HPLC and capillary isoelectric focusing, Anal. Biochem., 275, 98,1999. 

Mammalian cell suspension cultures are the preferred choice for large-scale recombinant protein production in stirred-tank bioreactors. The most widely used systems are Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the murine myeloma fines NSO and SP2/0. In half of the biological license approvals from 1996-2000, CHO cells were used for the production of monoclonal antibodies and other recombinant glycosylated proteins, including tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and an IgGl fusion with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, the latter marketed as Enbrel [7]. 

An interesting additional point is that during trauma the cytokine, tumour necrosis factor, results in a decrease in lipase activity in adipose and other tissues, so that there is an increase in the level of VLDL and chylomicrons in the blood. The significance of this is unclear but it may be that pathogens in the blood are adsorbed onto the emulsion of VLDL or chylomicrons which reduces the risk of adsorption of the pathogen onto the surface of a cell, which is necessary for the pathogen to enter the ceU. This localisation also aids attack by antibodies (Chapter 17). 

Tissue plasminogen activator Tumour necrosis factor Monoclonal antibody preparations y-Globulin preparations Hepatitis B surface antigen... 

Finally, antibodies such as adalimumab (Humira) and infliximab (Remicade) have been developed that bind directly to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), thereby preventing this cytokine from causing damage to joints and other tissues. These anti-TNF-alpha drugs are therefore helpful in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis their pharmacology is addressed in more detail in Chapter 16. 

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