Anti-HSV Activities

Jenssen, H., Gutteberg, T.J., and Lejon, T. (2005) Modeling of anti-HSV activity of lactoferricin analogues using amino acid descriptors. J. Pept. Sci. 11,97-103. 

P. Mandal, C. A. Pujol, E. B. Damonte, T. Ghosh, and B. Ray, Xylans from Scinaia hater. Structural features, sulfation and anti-HSV activity, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 46 (2010) 173-178. 

Antiviral activity has been demonstrated mainly for A. membranaceus, that represents the most studied species, expecially against Coxsackie viruses [234] but also against different kinds of viral infections. "Astragali radix" extracts show protective effects against Japanese Encephalitis Vitus (JEV) infection in mice both by oral and infraperitoneal injection this effect is based on a non-specific mechanism during the early stage of injection, before it shifts to antibody production. A. membranaceus (AM) shows curative effects on the mice infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) when somministated with acyclovir (ACV) [329]. The anti-HSV activity of suppository and ointment forms of AM combined... 

In order to find new sources of antiviral agents with different mechanisms of action, extracts of marine algae from all over the world were assayed for anti-HSV activity. The first screening of 89 types of seaweed collected from British Columbia, Canada and Korea for antiviral activity was reported by Kim et al. [66]. Analipus japonicus was the most potent anti-herpes algae. Extracts from 13 types of Korean seaweed previously shown to contain antiviral activity were investigated in more detail in order to learn their mechanism of action [14]. Four species, Enteromorpha linza, Colpomenia bullosa, Scytosiphon lomentaria and Undaria pinnatifida were active against HSV. In experiments to determine the site of action of these antiviral extracts, the predominant activity was virucidal (i.e., direct inactivation of virus particles) rather than inhibition of virus replication. 

The synthesis and biological activity of the new acyclic heterodinucleotide (113) that consists of both an antiherpetic (acyclovir) and an antiretroviral (2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl-adenine) drug linked by a pyrophosphate bridge were reported. The heterodinucleotide (113), prepared from the reaction of a morpholidate derivative of PMPA and the tributylammonium salt of acyclovir monophosphate in the presence of pyridine, behaved as a pro-drug in macrophages. Anti-HIV and anti-HSV activity of this compound were demonstrated in HIV-lfia-L and HSV-1-infected macrophages. ... 

Gupta, S., Singh, M. and Madan, A.K. (2001a) Applications of graph theory relationships of molecular connectivity index and atomic molecular connectivity index with anti-HSV activity. /. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 571, 147-152. 

Table 7. Anti-HSV Activity of Naturally-occurring Chromone Alkaloids...

Table I. Comparative Anti-HSV Activity of FMAU and FEAU in Plaque Reduction Assays in Vero Cells...

This finding is consistent with our previous observation (1.) attesting to the importance of the 2 -flnoro substituent for the anti-HSV activity exhibited by these arabinofnranosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides. 

TABLE 3 The Structures of the Pure Compounds from Plantago major. Their Anti-HSV Activities [66]... 

Compound Functional Group Anti-HSV Activities (EC50, pg/mL) ... 

Resveratrol (3,5,4 -trihydroxystilbene) is a natural component of certain foods, such as grapes, has been shown to have anti-HSV activities in vitro and in vivo (Fig. 3.6 Docherty et al. 2004, 2005). Moreover, resveratrol was found to inhibit varicella-zoster virus (VZV) replication in a dose-dependent and reversible manner (Docherty et al. 2006). Two oligostilbenes dibalanocarpol and balanocarpol isolated from the leaves of Hopea malibato exhibited very modest HIV-inhibitory activity in vitro (Dai et al. 1998). 

Table 2. Comparison of anti-VZV and anti-HSV activities of 5-substituted arabinosyluracils and related compounds determined by the plaque reduction method.

Ferir, G., Petrova, M.I., Andrei, G., et al. (2013). The lantibiotic peptide labyrinthopeptin Al demonstrates broad anti-HIV and anti-HSV activity with potential for microbicidal appUcations. PLoS One 8, e64010. 

---