Anthocyanins capillary zone electrophoresis

Among other teehniques for the quantification of anthocyanins. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis seems to possess the highest potential for future routine apphcations. 

CE was recently used for anthocyanin analysis because of its excellent resolution. This technique has different modes capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), capillary electrochromatography (CEC), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEE), and capillary isotachophoresis (CITP)."° CZE is the most popular method for anthocyanin... 

Ichiyanagi, T. et al., Complete assignment of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) anthocyanins separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 52, 226, 2004. 

Calvo, D. et al., Migration order of wine anthocyanins in capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal. Chint. Chintica Acta, 524, 207, 2004. 

Bicard, V., Fougerousse, A., and Brouillard, R., Analysis of natural anthocyanins by capillary zone electrophoresis in acidic media, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol, 22, 541, 1999. 

Saenz-Lopez, R., Fernandez-Zurbano, R, and Tena, M. T., Development and validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the quantitative determination of anthocyanins in wine, J. Chromatogr. A, 990, 247, 2003. 

Quantification of anthocyanins/anthocyanidins is usually performed either by UVA/ IS-spectroscopy or by HPLC with UV-detection. For qualification and structural elucidation HPLC coupled to mass-spectrometry is used. Other techniques include thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis (Figure 17). 

Ichinayagi, T., Kashiwada, Y., Ikeshiro, Y., Hatano, Y., Shida, Y., Horie, M., Matsugo, S., Konishi, T. Complete Assignment of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Anthocyanins Separated by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 52(2), 226-29, 2004. 

In 1996, the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation of a model mixture of six anthocyanins was reported using a 150-mM borate buffer at pH 8 (Bridle et al., 1996). It was proposed that the separation was influenced by three factors electro-osmotic flow (EOF), charge/mass ratio, and complex formation with borate. Bridle and Garcia-Viguera (1997) compared HPLC and CZE for the separation of strawberry and elderberry anthocyanins. They used fused-silica capillaries (57 cm X 75 fim i.d.), mn at 25°C with 150 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 8.0). A more concentrated sample (87 times) was needed for equivalent CZE response at pH 8 compared to HPLC at pH 1.8 because of the much smaller sample introduction volume, the shorter detector ceU path length, and the smaller proportion of colored anthocyanin species at pH 8.0. The separation of strawberry anthocyanins by CZE was satisfactory but the separation of elderberry anthocyanins by CZE was marred by the presence of a large baseline hump. The baseline rise may have been caused by interfering compounds in the extract (i.e., colored polymers) which did not affect the... 

Bridle, P., Garefa-Viguera, C., Analysis of anthocyanins in strawberries and elderberries. A comparison of capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC. Food Chem., 1997, 59, 299-304. 

Ichiyanagi, T., Tateyama, C., Oikawa, K., Konishi, T., Comparison of anthocyanin distribution in different blueberry sources by capillary zone electrophoresis, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2000, 23, 492 97. 

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