Antarctic ice core

De Angelis, M., Barkov, N. I., and Petrov, V. N. (1987). Aerosol concentration over the last climatic cycle (160 kyr) from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 235,... 

Etheridge, D. M., Pearman, G. I., and Fraser, P. J. (1992). Changes in tropospheric methane between 1841 and 1978 from a high accumulation rate Antarctic ice core. Tellus 44B, 282-294. 

Jouzel, J., Merlivat, L., and Lorius, C. (1982). Deuterium excess in an East Antarctic ice core suggests higher relative humidity at the oceanic surface during the last glacial maximum. Nature 299, 688-691. 

Leuenberger, M. and Siegenthaler, U. (1992). Ice-age concentration nitrous oxide from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 360,449-451. 

Two possibilities for the observed enriched values for many of the grazers, and the often concomitant but slight enrichment of browsers (Fig. 5.6), present themselves. Either these shifts represent atmospheric CO2 enrichment shifts at particular periods during the last -lOOKa represented (the Late Pleistocene), or a hitherto unknown or unrecognized fractionation process has taken place during burial and fossilization. The former hypothesis could be tested by comparison of observations from a larger sample set from the site, with CO2 concentration and carbon isotope data from Antarctic ice-core records or high resolution marine isotope records. 

Fig. 9.6 Climate records from the Vostok Antarctic ice core and the tropical carbonate seafloor sediment core V19-30 (Shakleton, N. J. and Pisais, N. Am. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Mon. 3, 303 (1985))...

Engstrom E, Rodushkin I, Baxter DC, Ohlander B (2006) Chromatographic purification for the determination of dissolved silicon isotopic compositions in natural waters by high-resolution multicollector inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 78 250-257 Epica community members (2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 429 623-628... 

Typical ambient levels. Typical levels of CO range from 50-150 ppb in remote areas (e.g., see Parrish et al., 1991,1994 Novelli et al., 1992, 1998a, 1998b and Derwent et al., 1998) to 1000 ppb in rural-suburban areas up to 10 ppm in very polluted areas such as Mexico City (e.g., Riveros et al., 1998). It is interesting that the values that appear to be representative of clean, remote areas are about the same as those found using ice cores for the preindustrial era for example, Haan et al. (1996) report preindustrial values of about 92 ppb for a Greenland ice core and 55-60 ppb for an Antarctic ice core. 

SOf in solid H20 acid rain and Antarctic ice core. The signal intensity at g — 2.0036 and g = 2.0020 is enhanced considerably in y-irradiated solid H20 doped with S032. One can detect the concentration down to 10-100 ppm of S032- in irradiated solid H20. 03 radicals are stable after OH radicals are annealed out.120... 

Atmospheric C02 measured from C02 in antarctic ice cores (squares) and from atmospheric measurements (circles) at Mauna Loa in Hawaii. [Antarctic data from D. M. Etheridge, L P. Steele, P. L Langentelds. P. J. Francey,... 

Aydin M, Saltzman ES, De Bruyn WJ, Montzka SA, Butler JH, Battle M (2004) Atmospheric Variability of Methyl Chloride During the Last 300 Years from an Antarctic Ice Core and Fim Air. Geophys Res Lett 31 L02109... 

McElwain JC, Mayle FE, Beerling DJ (2002) Stomatal evidence for a decline in the atmospheric C02 concentration during the Younger Dryas stadial a comparison with Antarctic ice core records. J Quat Sci... 

Fig. 5.9. Calculated densities of an Antarctic ice core as a function of pressure and temperatures. Reprinted from Marion and Jakubowski (2004) with permission...

The evidence continues to grow that the sharp rise in these atmospheric concentrations in the past several decades and the dramatic rise in global temperatures are directly related, the first causing the second. Among the most compelling recent evidence Data from Antarctic ice cores show a close correlation between co2 concentration and temperature over the past 160 millennia.16... 

Leuenberger M., Siegenthaler U., and Langway C. C. (1992) Carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 during the last ice-age from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 357(6378), 488-490. 

Jouzel J., Vimeux F., Caillon N., Delaygue G., Hoffmann G., Masson V., and Parrenin F. (2003) Magnimde of the isotope/ temperature scaling for interpretation of central Antarctic ice cores. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D12), doi 10.1029/2002 JD002677. 

Raynaud D. and Barnola J. M. (1985) An Antarctic ice core reveals atmospheric CO2 variations over the past few centuries. Nature 315, 309-311. 

Stauffer B., Fischer G., Neftel A., and Oeschger H. (1985) Increase of atmospheric methane recorded in Antarctic ice core. Science 229, 1386-1388. 

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