ANSI/AIHA concept

PtD has also been included in the 2012 revisions to the ANSI/AIHA standard Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (ZIO). At least 12 other consensus standards now include PtD concepts. 

Risk as defined in ANSI/AIHA/ASSE ZIO is an estimate of the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s), and the severity of injury or illness that may be caused by the event or exposures. Risk analysis concepts provide a method of establishing and prioritizing events (The American Society of Safety Engineers, 2012). 

The simple concept of a Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) methodology called the Shewhart cycle (Shewhart, 1980) can be applied to any safety system. The PDCA has been at the core of quality management efforts for many decades. The cycle has been adapted within the framework of voluntary compliance standards such as ANSI/AIHA/ASSE ZIO Occupational Safety Process (Occupational Health and Safety Systems, 2012) (Figure 13.1). Refer to Appendix P for examples of Advanced Safety Management Systems, (Occupational Health Safety Management Systems, 2012). 

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