Anopheles albimanus

Clove oil exhibits repellent activity on Anopheles albimanus, Aedes aegypti, A. dims and Culex quinquefasciatus (Barnard, 1999 Trongtokit et al., 2005). 

J. A. Klun et al.. Comparative resistance of Anopheles albimanus and Aedes aegypti to A,A-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-l-carboxamide (AI3-37220) in laboratory human-volunteer repellent assays, J. Med. EntomoL, 41, 418, 2004. 

Studies are ongoing to evaluate the acylpiperidines and carboxamides against other arthropod species, particularly ticks, and mosquitoes that transmit malaria, such as Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles albimanus. Traditionally, these mosquito species were more difficult to repel than Aedes aegypti. In addition, modeling approaches are being applied to mosquito and housefly adulticide and larvicide data found in the USDA archive. 

I. Dusfour et al., Contact irritancy and spatial repellency behaviors in Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (Diptera Culicidae) collected in Orange Walk, Belize, C.A., Journal of Vector Ecology, 34 (2), 232, 2009. 

MJ Perich, MA Tidwell, SE Dobson, MR Sardelis, AZaglul, andD. C. Williams. Barrier spraying to control the malaria v ctoT Anopheles albimanus Laboratory and field evaluation in the Dominican Republic. Med. Vet. Entomol. 7 363-368, 1993. 

R. D. Xue et al.. Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as larvicides against the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus tmA Anopheles albimanus, Med. Vet. EntomoL, 15, 374, 2001. 

R. D. Xue et al.. Insecticidal activity of five commercial mosquito coils against Anopheles albimanus, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 28, 131, 2012. 

Repellents on Cloth. Each candidate repellent is appHed to a knit cotton stocking or cloth patch at 3.3 g/m cloth, usually as a 1% solution of active ingredient (AI) ia acetone. Two hours later, the stock or cloth patch is placed over an untreated nylon stocking on the arm of a subject, the hand covered, and the arm exposed to 1500 female mosquitoes for one minute. If fewer than five bites are counted, the test is repeated at 24 h, then weekly until failure, which is, by definition, five bites per minute. The standard mosquitoes used are Piedes aegppti Anopheles quadrimaculatus or M. albimanus. Candidate repellents ia cloth tests are ia one of the foUowiag classes class 1, effective 0 d class 2, 1—5 d class 3, 6—10 d class 4, 11—21 d and class 5, >21 d. 

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