Annual evaporation data

Obtain the annual evaporation data for the United States. Discuss its applicability for a... 

Annual evaporation data for the contignons United States are presented in Fig. 7, which... 

In the simplest case, groundwater-flow rates for lakes at isotopic steady state (or those with relatively long hydraulic-residence times) can be estimated from data on average annual precipitation rates average annual evaporation rates the isotopic compositions of precipitation, lake water, and inflowing ground-water and relative humidity and lake temperature. 

Table 1 Most significant sub-watersheds of the Ebro River basin. Mean annual discharge considering the river at natural regime avoiding detraction, inputs for translocations, regulation or evaporation in the reservoirs. Data from CHE...

Annual mean rates in the surface ocean of (a) evaporation (E), (b) precipitation (P), and (c) evaporation minus precipitation (E - P). In the bottom map, areas where E > P are colored green and areas where P>E are colored brown. The contour interval is 0.5m/y. (See companion website for color version.) Data after Kalnay, E., et al. (1996) Bullet. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471. 

The water balance of the Sea of Azov consists of the following components the incoming part contains the riverine runoff and the atmospheric precipitation, while the outgoing part includes evaporation. The water exchange via the Kerch Strait should also be taken into account. According to the data averaged over 1923 to 1985, the riverine runoff, precipitation, and evaporation comprised 38.6, 15.5, and 34.6 km3/year, respectively. The annual inflow of the Black Sea waters via the Kerch Strait was 36-38 km3/year, while the outflow of the Azov waters comprised 53-55 km3/year this provided a value of the resulting water removal from the Sea of Azov of about 17 km3/year. 

Fig. 8-2. (a) Zonally averaged, mean annual rates of evaporation E and precipitation (solid line) versus latitude as given by Sellers (1965). (b) Mean annual column densities of precipitable water vapor, from data presented by Sellers (1965) and Newell et al. (1972). (c) Mean residence times of water vapor, r = W/R, calculated from (a) and (b). The broken line gives the global mean value r = 9 days. 

Sources Data from J. Kakinoki, K. Katada, T. Hanawa, and T. Ino. Electron diffraction study of evaporated carbon films. Acta Cryst. 13, 171-179 (1960) D.B. Dove. Structure of amorphous films using direct recording electron diffraction. 26th Annual EMSA Meeting, 396-397 (1968) Y.G. Poltavtsev, V.P. Zakharov, and M.V. Pozdnyakova. Electron diffraction analysis of amorphous films of carbon and boron. Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 18,270-271 (1973). With permission. 

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