Annealing temperature and

Annealing can reduce the creep of crystalline polymers in the same manner as for glassy polymers (89,94,102). For example, the properties of a quenched specimen of low-density polyethylene will still be changing a month after it is made. The creep decreases with time, while the density and modulus increase with time of aging at room temperature. However, for crystalline polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, both the annealing temperature and the test temperatures are generally between... 

Annealing temperature and symmetry of several H+ implantation induced... 

The compressive stress in PS decreases with annealing temperature and is reversed for temperatures above 350 °C, indicating that the PS is under tension [Su4], These changes are reversible if the hydrogen coverage is restored by a short HF dip however, at annealing temperatures above 500 °C the PS microstructure is irreversibly changed [Ha4],... 

FIGURE 5.14 (A) Change of Tp based on annealing temperature and time. (B) Change of... 

Oxides and Sulphides. The influence of annealing temperature and quenching in air on the structural and magnetic properties of the solid solution, (CuFe2-04)0 2( o.5 2 5 4)0.2( 20Jo.6 Studied. Annealing at 1300 °C... 

Biodegradability is affected by crystallinity as well as chemical structure. Figure 11 shows an example of biodegradability depending on crystallinity of PBS. Crystallinity was controlled by annealing temperature and time for hot-pressed sample sheets. Measurements of crystallinity were performed by means of solid state NMR [6, 7]. 

Fig. 36 Dependence of conversion efficiency (rf) with annealing temperature and graphene content in BHJ devices. (Reprinted with permission from [272])...

Fig. 67. The saturation magnetostriction, Ag, of Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B alloys (a) influence of the annealing temperature and (b) influence of the Si content in the nanocrystalline state. The figure includes the data for Fe-Nb-B (A) and Fe-(Cu)-Zr-B (A) alloys. After Herzer (1997) and refs therein.

For quenching experiments, which were necessary to freeze-in the equilibrium states between the phase bands, the samples were reheated in a vacuum furnace under 500 mbar N2 to the original annealing temperature and dropped onto a copper plate kept below 470 K (200°C). With this treatment the Group 5 transition metal nitrides underwent a slight change in surface composition because it was impossible to adjust the appropriate nitrogen pressures. This, however, did not influence the compositions at the interface boundaries inside the diffusion couples. 

Fig. 1. 48.4. Relaxation time as a function of the difference between annealing temperature and Tg for a 10% amorphous freeze-dried lactose (Figure 5 from [1.1 76], with permission of Pharmaceutical Research)...

In a systematic study of heat treatment for different RNi2B2C single crystals Miao et al. (2002) found the optimal annealing temperature and time to be 1000 °C and (at least) 75 h, respectively. Souptel et al. (2005b) showed that such heat treatment at 1000 °C eliminates precipitates. However, Hillier et al. (2002) determined... 

Figure 23 Resistivity versus time for different annealing temperatures and for WSix and TiSix.21...

For most of the samples studied, the size of the particles (around 10 nm) is well below the single domain particle size (340 nm for the Fe5oPt5o phase [33]). The coercivity is found to depend critically on the layer thickness, on the annealing temperature and on the additives-content, parameters which determine the particle size and the interparticles separation. 

The Mg-implanted samples in FIGURE 1 do not show a conversion to p-type material for any annealing temperature and closely track the unimplanted material. However, the Mg-samples coimplanted with P show a conversion from n-type to p-type at 1050°C with an increase in hole concentration at the high temperature. The success in realising p-type material with the P co-implanted samples is attributed to the P acting to either (a) create additional Ga-vacancies, via additional implantation damage, for the Mg to occupy as acceptors, or (b) reduce the number of N-vacancies and thereby also increase the probability of Mg occupying the preferred Ga-sublattice [4],... 

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