Ankle sprain

I did the hike by my lonesome. The weather was gorgeous. I had no broken bones, twisted ankles, sprained knees or elbows. No snake bites. No encounters with bobcats or mountain lions. No fateful blunder. But honestly, I was foolhardy a 55-year-old suburban baby boomer imposing another age-defying test on myself. Would I do it again Not without a lot more foresight. Once pricked, twice shy. 

Kumai T, Takakura Y, Rufai A et al (2002) The functional anatomy of the human anterior talofibular ligament in relation to ankle sprains. J Anat 200 457-465... 

These are usually Salter-Harris Type I or II fractures caused by a supination-inversion injury. They may not be evident on plain X-ray and are often incorrectiy diagnosed as an ankle sprain. Ultrasound is very accurate in detecting the cortical discontinuity, periosteal elevation and subperiosteal fluid which accompanies these fractures (Simanovsky et aL 2005). Where these injuries occur in isolation they should be managed in a below-knee walking cast for 3 to 4 weeks. Significantly displaced distal fibular fractures associated with Salter-Harris Type III or IV injuries usually reduce with re-... 

Medical pain 5% ibuprofen cream is found to be useful in treating acute ankle sprains and knee osteoarthritis. 

Superficial peroneal neuropathy is a rare condition encountered in dancers and athletes who have a history of ankle sprains or trauma to the leg leading to vague sensory disturbances on the dorsal aspect of... 

Fig. 16.47 a,b. Serous tenosynovitis of the peroneal tendons, a The patient presented with diffuse swelling (arrows) and tenderness in the retromalleolar region following an ankle sprain, b Transverse 12-5 MHz US image at the level of the lateral malleolus (asterisk) shows increased fluid (stars) within the common tendon sheath of the peroneus longus (pi) and peroneus brevis (pb) tendons. The hypoechoic effusion makes the mesotendons (arrowheads) visible. Note the flattened appearance of the peroneus brevis compared with the peroneus longus... 

Fig. 16.48. Mild strain injury of the superior peroneal retinaculum in a patient with a history of ankle sprains. Transverse 12-5 MHz US image over the retromalleolar groove reveals a thickened and hypoechoic retinaculum (arrowheads) connected to the periosteum of the lateral malleolus (LM) by a fibrous lip (asterisk). The peroneus longus (pi) and peroneus brevis (pb) tendons appear normal...

Peroneal tendon tears can be observed in patients following ankle sprains or with a history of chronic instability, especially if they are affected by systemic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus or are receiving corticosteroids (Kraus and Brodsky 1998 Wang et al. 2005). Clinically, the rupture of peroneal tendons leads to inability to evert and cavovar us foot Tears of the peroneus brevis tendon are most common and present with a typical longitudinal configuration, commonly referred to as split or fis-... 

Bonvin F, Montet X, Copercini M et al (2003) Imaging of fractures of the lateral process of the talus, a frequently missed diagnosis. Eur J Ultrasound 47 64-70 Bouffard JA, Goitz HT, van Holsbeeck MT (1996) Sonographic evaluation of high-ankle sprains. Radiology 201(P) 399... 

Meyer JM, Hoffmeyer P, Savoy X (1988) High resolution computed tomography in the chronically painftil ankle sprain. Foot Ankle 8 291-296... 

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