Anisotropy of paper

It should be noted that the relative accessibility of the transition into the oriented state observed for polymers of various rigidity under appropriate conditions is due to the internal anisotropy of macromolecules caused by their chain structure (see Sect. 1 of this paper and monographs2 3 ). 

In metalloproteins, the paramagnet is an inseparable part of the native biomacromolecule, and so anisotropy in the metal EPR is not averaged away in aqueous solution at ambient temperatures. This opens the way to study metalloprotein EPR under conditions that would seem to approach those of the physiology of the cell more closely than when using frozen aqueous solutions. Still the number of papers describing metalloprotein bioEPR studies in the frozen state by far outnumbers studies in the liquid state. Several additional theoretical and practical problems are related to the latter (1) increased spin-lattice relaxation rate, (2) (bio)chemical reactivity, (3) unfavorable Boltzmann distributions, (4) limited tumbling rates, and (5) undefined g-strain. 

This paper addresses two different sets of observations on the anisotropy of wetting of Pb crystals by its own melt and by Ga-Pb alloys. The observed anisotropies in these cases are due to the anisotropy of the surface free energy of solid Pb and to the intervention of surface phase transitions. 

We shall use the T-/ -isomorphism that allows us to consider the orbital triplet T2 as a state possessing the fictitious orbital angular momentum L = 1, keeping in mind that the matrix elements of the angular momentum operator L within T2 and P bases are of the opposite signs, L(T2) = —L(P) [2]. As it was shown in our recent paper [10] this approach provides both an efficient computational tool and a clear insight on the magnetic anisotropy of the system that appears due to the orbital contributions. Within T-P formalism the spin-orbital and Zeeman terms can be represented as ... 

In an important series of papers [6,7], Jones established an approach for the treatment of materials where the refractive index tensor, n (z), varies along the propagation direction of the transmitted light. This procedure also lays the foundation for the analysis of complex systems possessing any combination of optical anisotropies. 

Anionic frameworks have been proposed for chabazite. gmelinite 5 and erionite. In this paper we suggest an anionic framework for levynite, and compare, on the basis of the proposed frameworks, the ease and degree of anisotropy of molecule diffusion, and the possible molecular sieve behaviour, for the four zeolites. It has already been shown that diverse intracrystalline channel systems can arise in structures such as analcite, nosean-sodaUte minerals, cancrinite, faujasite, and Linde Sieve A.9> 10... 

Two recent papers [1,2] provide updated views of advances in the produetion of intense and continuous beams of aligned molecules. In [1], it was demonstrated that in the prototypical case of a seeded supersonic expansion of a moleeular beam of benzene, besides acceleration and eooling, orientation of the molecular plane also oeeurs beeause of the anisotropy of the intermolecular forees which govern eollisions. This work is reviewed in Sec.2.1. Previous studies on the eollisional alignment of the rotational... 

In this paper it was very briefly demonstrated that the laser radiation in combination with external fields can be a powerful tool to prepare molecules in specific quantum state that can be characterized with a well pronounced spatial anisotropy of molecular axes (chemical bonds) and angular momentum. These states in past have been exploited in studies of molecuhu properties including dynamics of chemical reactions, but it seems that full capacity of this method still needs to be explored. 

---