Anisotropy directional

Shrinkage can influence product performances such as mechanical properties. Anisotropy directional property can be used when referring to the way a material shrinks during processing, such as in injection molding (Fig. 2-62) and extrusion. Shrinkage is an important consideration when fabricating... 

It can easily be shown that ao.rand is independent of anisotropy for any type of anisotropy, not only axially symmetric [21]. Changing the coordinate system of Eq. (3.21) to the local one determined by the anisotropy direction of each spin. 

Here Ms(r) is the spontaneous magnetization, A)(r) is the first uniaxial anisotropy constant, A(r) denotes the exchange stiffness, and n(r) is the unit vector of the local anisotropy direction. H is the external magnetic field, and Hd is the magnetostatic self-interaction field. The latter can be written as... 

In Eq. (10) the sum is over all crystallites in the particle ensemble. V, is volume of particle i, K is the uniaxial anisotropy constant, u, is the anisotropy direction of particle i, and J, is the magnetic polarization vector of the particle. In addition to the classical energy terms of the Stoner Wohlfarth theory we have to consider the exchange energy between the crystallites that agglomerate to a particle. We assume that in average three crystallites agglomerate as schematically shown in Fig. 2. 

For comparison, we also prepared LBK structures with the 2 6 and polymers. Table 4.1 summarizes the thickness and the refractive indices in the three principal directions of 2,6 tid P g, together with the data for P2,io- In this case, the dipping direction is represented by the x-axis. All three materials show an in-plane n - anisotropy directed in the dipping direction, but the main contribution is found perpendicular to the surface, due to the monolayer structure at the air/water interface, which is conserved by the transfer. The nearly complete loss of anisotropy in the cis isomer (labeled... 

Castings do not exhibit anisotropy (directional properties) like cold worked metals. 

According to the topographic anisotropy, direction-dependent values of Ds, the surface diffusion coefficient of gold atoms in contact with the acid solution, were derived firom the relationship ... 

Network properties at different scales emerge from the above results. Some constraint points at a semi-local scale (say, cross-link junctions) remains in average fixed, which reflects a solid-like property at this scale. This results in long-time coherence in the local average anisotropy directions. 

Theoretical calculations predict significant anisotropy in effective hole masses for the different valence bands of GaN, though the various calculations differ in the predicted magnitude of the anisotropy in each band [113-115]. Direct measurements of hole masses are, however, very difficult and most reported experimental values are indeed inferred from luminescence, magneto-optical studies of exciton luminescence, infrared reflectance and transmittance studies of polar materials, which are often isotropically averaged and thus not informative about the anisotropy. Directionally dependent Hall-effect measurements in m-plane GaN films grown on m-plane SiC substrates... 

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