Swelling anisotropic

Fig. 5. Time dependence of osmotic pressures at the anode and cathode sides in the hybrid gel. The parameters h and ti represent the transport rates of Na+ from solution to gel and from gel to gel, respectively. When h = h/5, the gel shows anisotropic swelling at the cathode side and bends toward the anode side...

Figure 4.4 Schematic of anisotropic swelling in a polymeric fiber.

Fig. 43 Anisotropic swelling of magnetite-loaded mPDMS in cyclohexane. The arrows indicate the direction of the magnetic field (particle chains) during the preparation. The numbers in figure represent the lengths that were used to calculate the anisometric quotient...

A very important consideration in the selection and design of protective materials is the magnitude of sorbed moisture content as a function of encapsulant thickness. This moisture content is expected to vary as a function of distance into the coating as the coating is exposed to cyclic temperature and humidity conditions anticipated in exposure environments. The consequent changes in anisotropic swelling as a function of distance and time could lead to the onset or enhancement of various modes of unfavorable deformation or other physical modifications in the encapsulant material. 

Azaar K., I.D. Rosea, and J.M. Vergnaud. 2002. Anisotropic swelling of thin EPDM rubber discs by absorption of toluene. Polymer. 43 4261-67. 

A unique feature of this kind of highly ordered LC networks is their anisotropic swelling [77]. The polymer films swells only perpendicularly to the molecular director (Fig. 2.18) [77]. 

Kishi R, Sisido M, Tazuke S (1990) Liquid-crystalline polymer gels. 2. Anisotropic swelling of poly(y-benzyl L-glutamate) gel crosslinked under a magnetic field. Macromolecules 23 3868-3870... 

Inomata K, Iguchi Y, Mizutani K, Sugimoto H, Nakanishi E (2012) Anisotropic swelling behavior induced by helix-coil transition in liquid crystalline polypeptide gels. ACS Macro Lett 1 807-810... 

Buyanov AL, Gofman IV, Revel skaya LG, Khripunov AK, Tkachenko AA (2010) Anisotropic swelling and mechanical behavior of composite bacterial cellulose-poly(acrylamide or acrylamide-sodium acrylate) hydrogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 3 102-111... 

It is to be noted, that the effects of anisotropic deformation and anisotropic swelling run parallel. We shall see later, that and why the two factors are very intimately related in macromolecular systems ( 9c. 2). 

Fig. 93. The explanation of anisotropical swelling on basis of the ancient micellar theory.

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