Anionic polymers polyanions material

Since multiple electrical and optical functionality must be combined in the fabrication of an OLED, many workers have turned to the techniques of molecular self-assembly in order to optimize the microstructure of the materials used. In turn, such approaches necessitate the incorporation of additional chemical functionality into the molecules. For example, the successive dipping of a substrate into solutions of polyanion and polycation leads to the deposition of poly-ionic bilayers [59, 60]. Since the precursor form of PPV is cationic, this is a very appealing way to tailor its properties. Anionic polymers that have been studied include sulfonatcd polystyrene [59] and sulfonatcd polyanilinc 159, 60]. Thermal conversion of the precursor PPV then results in an electroluminescent blended polymer film. 

The deliberate introduction of multifunctional branching into anionically prepared polydiene and poly (diene-co-styrene) polymers produces materials with unique morphological and viscoelastic properties (1-3). Work has included synthesis of symmetric star polymers produced by reaction of living polyanionic "arms" with multi-functional chlorosilane (4-9),... 

In Table 14-1 a Nafion 1 (sulfonated perfluoroalkyl polyanion polymer) membrane is often used since it is a stable cation-exchange polymer able to adsorb cationic compounds easily. A Nafion membrane is composed of hydrophilic columns incorporating anionic sulfonate groups, hydrophobic columns composed of main chains, and interlayer regions between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic columns. When a cationic substrate is adsorbed from an aqueous solution, the adsorbed material is located only in the hydrophilic columns or interlayer regions, so that a real local concentration of... 

Here, we consider electropolymerized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDT), prepared with different supporting electrolytes (see [135]) polystyrenesulfonic add (PSS), p-toluenesulfonic acid (Tos), and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (BU4NCIO4). The anion produced from the dissociation of toluene-sulfonic acid is also called tosylate (< -SO i). Additionally, we address chemically prepared PEDOT-PSS, in a water emulsion, sodium free (<0.5 ppm), provided by Agfa Gevaert N.V. None of these blends contains PSS -Na" ", as was the case for Baytron P discussed above. The conductivity values a obtained for the polymers are summarized in Table 21.1. PEDOT/Tos is the most conductive (450 S cm ). The polyanion-based materials give lower conductivities 80 S cm for electropolymerized PEDOT-PSS and 0.03 S cm for chemically polymerized PEDOT-PSS. 

Homo- and copolymers of 1-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium ions, 1, are well-known for their ability to form complexes with a wide variety of materials [1, 2]. For example, the interaction of poly(l-alkyl-4-vinylpyridiniums), 2, 3, and 4 with natural and synthetic polyanions has been used to form stable inter-polymer complexes [3-10]. Such complexes have been successfully used to attach redox enzymes or electroactive systems of small molecules to working electrodes. When 2 or 3 is used as a matrix for an anionic enzyme such as glucose oxidase, at pH > pKi the enzyme can be effectively wired to an electrode and can contribute to a variety of electroanalytical applications. Heller and associates [11] have utilized such interpolymer complexes to provide a glucose-specific... 

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