Animal models disorders

Alzheimer s disease (AD) 2. In the hippocampus of p-amylo id-treated rats, an animal model of AD, 2-AG levels are elevated and exert neuroprotection but also participate in memory retention loss 2. Inhibitors of cellular re-uptake or CB-, antagonists, possibly depending on the phase of the disorder... 

Samanin, R and Grignaschi, G (1996) Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in satiety and animal models of eating disorders. In Drug Receptor Subtypes and Ingestive Behaviour (Eds Cooper, SJ and Clifton, PG), Academic Press, London, pp. 39-58. 

Eccleston D (1973). Adenosine 3 5 -cyclic monophosphate and affective disorders Animal models. In LL Iversen and SPR Rose (eds), Biochemistry and Mental Illness (pp. 121-126). Biochemical Society, London. 

Alini M et al (2008) Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degenera-tion Eur Spine J 17(1) 2—19... 

The human leukodystrophies are inherited disorders of central nervous system white matter. These disorders are characterized by a diffuse deficiency of myelin caused by a variety of genetic lesions and often manifest before 10 years of age (Table 38-1). Some are caused by mutations in the PLP gene and resemble the PLP animal mutants described in Chapter 4 [ 1,23]. As with the animal models, depending on the nature of the mutation, they vary from a severe form in connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) through an intermediate phenotype in classical PMD to a mild phenotype in spastic paraplegia. It is noteworthy that some mutations of the PLP gene also cause a peripheral neuropathy [24], very probably related to the expression of low levels of PLP in peripheral nerve (see Ch. 4). 

There are three generally accepted criteria for validating animal models for human psychiatric disorders face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity. Face validity refers to the outward appearance of the model, i.e. does the animal s behavior adequately reflect the human behavior being modeled In this dimension, anxiety models have a clear advantage over other psychiatric models it is usually quite apparent if an animal is frightened, whereas it is a much more difficult to assess whether an animal is displaying psychotic-like or depressive-like behavior, for example. 

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