Anhydrous ammonia incidents

At the end of a 30-min reaction period, the plasma was switched off and the feed of anhydrous ammonia gas was stopped. The propylene beads were evacuated for am additional 30 min to remove the unreacted species. The beads exposed to ammonia gaseous plasma are referred to as PPB-NH2. To characterize the surfaces of the control and the modified membranes, the FT-IR spectrometry ( Nicolet 7000 Series) with an ATR attachment was used. KRS-5 reflection plate at an incident angle of 45° was employed for FT-IR-ATR work. Control or modified membrane samples were applied on both sides of the reflection plate. Thi allowed spectra of only few micron thick layer of the surfaces contacting the KRS-5 reflection plate to be obtained. Immobilization of albumin onto membrane having surface amino groups has been described (2,3). 

In Verdigris, Oklahoma, a tank car was being filled with anhydrous ammonia. It was nnknown that there was a weakened place on the tank car, which gave way from the pressnre of the ammonia and resnlted in a BLEVE. There was no fire, just a vapor cloud that traveled downwind, defoliating trees and tnming other vegetation brown. One worker who was filling the tank car was killed in the incident. 

For transportation accidents by railroad, see also [47]. This report gives a survey of damage during 177 anhydrous ammonia highway incidents and 570 rail incidents in the U.S. for the years 1971 to 1982. It lists the identification number for anhydrous ammonia as UN1005 and the required labeling as a poisonous gas. 

Incident Description Explosion of an ammonium nitrate unit 4 employees were killed, 18 were hospitalized. 5,700 tons of anhydrous ammonia and 25,000 gallons of nitric acid were released. Residents were evacuated from the surrounding area, and ammonia plumes were detected several miles away. 

PZT and PLZT. The development of polycrystalline lead lanthanum zir-conate-titanate (PLZT) electronic ceramic monoliths, which fully transmit incident light, requires methods for controlling stoichiometry, impurity content, porosity, grain size, and so on. Alkoxy-derived PLZT powders were prepared by hydrolytic decomposition of mixed-metal alkoxides [40]. The Zr and Ti alkoxides were synthesized by the ammonia method, and the lanthanum tris-isopropoxide was synthesized by the metal/alcohol reaction method, which were described in the previous section. The Pb alkoxide was prepared by the reaction of anhydrous lead acetate, Pb(C2H302)2, with sodium isoamyloxide, NaOCsHn [40] ... 

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