Anhydrides hydrogenation

N-(2-Amino-5-Nltrobenzyl)-o-Toluidine Fluoroacetyl Chloride Acetic Anhydride Hydrogen... 

Bacterium Septomyxa affinis Acetic anhydride Hydrogen chloride... 

Caproic acid anhydride Hydrogen chloride Cyclohexanone... 

Sodium carbonate Acetic anhydride Hydrogen chloride Ethylene oxide... 

Acetoxy-4-androsteno[2,3-d] isoxazole Maleic anhydride Hydrogen peroxide Sodium methoxide... 

See Chromium trioxide Acetic anhydride Hydrogen peroxide Acetone, etc. 

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of C=0 and C=N bonds. Diastereoselec-tive or enantioselective processes are discussed elsewhere. The chapter is divided into sections detailing the hydrogenation of aldehydes, the hydrogenation of ketones, domino-hydroformylation-reduction, reductive amination, domino hydroformylation-reductive amination, and ester, acid and anhydride hydrogenation. 

Vapor Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Anhydride Acetic anhydride was pumped into an evaporator where it was mixed with hydrogen. The temperature of anhydride-hydrogen mixture was raised to the reaction temperature in a preheater zone, made of a 2 feet bed packed with 2 mm glass beads. The reaction took place in a 2 feet catalyst bed packed with 1 m.m. alpha-alumina coated with 0.5% Pd. The effluent was condensed and analyzed by G.C. 

Table IV shows the reactivities of raw materials and products on a nickel-activated carbon catalyst and the effect of hydrogen on the reactions. When carbon monoxide and hydrogen were introduced into the catalyst, no product was formed. Thus, the hydrogenation of CO does not proceed at all. When methyl iodide was added to the above-mentioned feed, 43% of the methyl iodide was converted to methane. In the presence of methyl iodide small amounts of methane, methanol, and acetic acid were formed from methyl acetate, while small amounts of methane and acetic acid were also formed from acetic anhydride. Hydrogen fed with methyl acetate accelerated the formation of methane and acetic acid remarkably.

Methanesulfonyl chloride Succinic anhydride Hydrogen hydrochloride Dibutylamine... 

Ethyl indole-2-carboxylate Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Hydrogen... 

Acetic anhydride Hydrogen peroxide Sodium hydroxide... 

Figure 3.117 Trifluoromethylation and acetoxylotion of toluene in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride/hydrogen peroxide.

It is possible that, in the alio and gluco anhydrides, hydrogen bonding between axial hydroxyl groups may promote stability. 

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