Angle of polarization

Further, planar orientation of PPV chains in the film plane was demonstrated from the linear dichroism dichroic ratio Ap/As decreased from 2.1 to 1.2 when the incident angle of polarized light increased from 0° to 45°, where Ap and As... 

Since the angle of polarization of the beams changes when the dielectric is... 

Liquid crystalline materials may appear cloudy. This is because the index of refraction of polarized light depends on the angle between the angle of polarization and the director. This is represented schematically in Figure 16.11. In a nematic material, there will normally be regions in which the director is oriented differently. 

A typical experimental ellipsometer is illustrated in Figure 3.7. Monochromatic light, typically from a continuous wave laser, e.g. a He-Ne laser, is plane polarized (the angle of polarization is given by p) and impinges on a surface. A compensator is then used to convert the elliptically polarized reflected beam to a plane polarized beam (with a being the angle of polarization). The analyzer then determines the... 

Monochromatic light from the source is linearly polarized by the initial polarizer, and then allowed to pass through the sample medium. The angle of polarization associated with the light leaving the medium is determined by rotating the analyzer polarizer to the new null position. A variety of photoelectric methods are available which can be used to automatically determine the observed angle of rotation. 

Figure 7. Polarization pattern, given as a polar plot of the HRS intensity as a function of the angle of polarization of the fundamental wave, for an aqueous suspension of 20 nm diameter gold, (a) Vertically polarized SH scattered light and (b) horizontally polarized SH scattered light (Reprinted from 44 with permission from the American Physical Society)...

The total intensity of light scattered per unit path length through the solution is the intensity scattered through all angles of polar coordinates,... 

If some other angle of polarization with respect to the plane of incidence is employed, such as 45°, then one usually resolves the electric field vector into the parallel and perpendicular components. Thus, any linearly polarized beam incident on a surface can be regarded as a combination of separate beams with parallel and perpendicular polarization. Each ray in the parallel-polarized beam has a partner in the beam with perpendicular polarization, and they are locked in phase so that the orientation of the resultant electric field vector is always at the constant angle of polarization of the beam as a whole. 

Figure 15. Spectropolarimetric data for NGC 5548 and Was 45. In each frame the panels show, from the bottom, the total flux density, an total flux density, the percentage polarization, the polarized flux density and the position angle of polarization [36],...

Fig. 3.10. Derivation of the polarization factor. The plane Eq /Eq is normal to Sq the plane Ep/E is normal to E, Eq, s are coplaner 29 is the angle between s and Sq ju is the angle of polarization...

Figure 3.25. Precise control of the bending direction of a film by linearly polarized light photographs of the polydomain film in different directions in response to irradiation by linearly polarized light at different angles of polarization (white arrows) at /l = 366nm the bent films are flattened by irradiation with visible light at /l>540nm. Source Yu et al., 2003. See color insert.

The infrared band at 875 cm of the syndiotactic polypropylene is used to estimate crystallinity. These three crystallinity sensitive bands (1167, 998, and 875 cm ) do not appear in the IR spectrum of atactic polypropylene. If a sample of polypropylene is drawn to one direction—that is, it is uniaxially oriented—some of the absorption band intensities become dependent on the angle between the drawn axis and the angle of polarization of the infrared radiation. 

Fluorescence emissions from both the initially excited state and the states which receive the transfer of excitation (Fig. 4) are collected by fibre bundles and brought out through interference filters to photomultipliers. The output signals of the photomultipliers are recorded with either boxcar integrators or photon counting equipment as a function of the angle of polarization of the laser. 

Henceforth, the azimuthal angles of orientation of the optical components will be referenced to the plane of incidence. A positive angle denotes a counterclockwise rotation of the component for an observer looking into the beam. See inset of Fig. 4. The angle of polarization is, however, the arc tangent of the ratio of the amplitude of the p component to that of the s component as defined by Eq. (4a). 

The coefficient a, generally dependent on the wavelength, is referred to a rotation constant and is expressed in angular degrees on millimeters of distance run. In solutions of optically active substances the angle of polarization plane rotation is proportional to the length traveled I and concentration of the active substance c ... 

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