Anemia, Macrocytic Hyperchromic

Cell multiplication is inhibited because DNA synthesis is insufficient. This occurs in deficiencies of vitamin Bu or folic acid (macrocytic hyperchromic anemia). 2. Hemoglobin synthesis is impaired. This situation arises in iron deficiency, since Fe + is a constituent of hemoglobin (microcytic hypochromic anemia). 

Folic acid deficient humans develop a macrocytic hyperchromic anemia similar to that observed in vitamin Bi2 deficiency. Observations made on the undernourished population of Bombay prompted the discovery of the vitamin. In 1932, Will observed that macrocytic anemia occurred frequently among the people of Bombay and that the disease was readily cured by the addition of yeast to the diet. Folic acid deficiency also seems to be responsible for the macrocytic anemia that develops in cases of tropical sprue. 

Macrocytic or magaloblastic anemia is caused by disturbances of DNA synthesis. It occurs, for example, in both folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Hematopoesis is slowed down due to reduced DNA synthesis and a reduced number of abnormally large (macrocytic) and hemaglobin-rich (hyperchromic) erythrocytes is released. 

The answer is d. (Hardman, pp 1331-1333.) Iron-deficiency anemia usually occurs in infants undergoing rapid growth. In adults in a late stage, it may result in a bowel syndrome associated with gastritis and hypochlo-rhydria (Plummer-Vinson syndrome). Characteristically, all iron-deficiency anemias are associated with a hypochromic microcytic blood profile. Infestation with the tapeworm D. latum is accompanied by a hyperchromic macrocytic anemia, which is treatable with vitamin B12. Bleeding syndromes are treated with iron. 

PGA in the free state is widely found in nature, particularly in the liver of higher animals, in spinach leaves, and in yeast. The biological properties characteristic of PGA are its ability to stimulate the growth of L. casei (534) and S. faecalis (S. lactis B) (420) and several other bacteria (299) as well as the growth of chickens (298) hyperchromic macrocytic anemia in chickens, due to PGA deficiency, can thus be cured by its administration (276). PGA, unlike the Citrovorum Factor (CF) (see p. 28),... 

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