Andro-stenedione

Bilateral orchiectomy, or removal of the testes, rapidly reduces circulating androgens to castrate levels (andro-stenedione less than 50 ng/mL, 1.7 nmol/L).15 However, many patients are not surgical candidates owing to their advanced age, and other patients find this procedure psychologically unacceptable.15 Orchiectomy is the preferred initial treatment in patients with impending spinal cord compression or ureteral obstruction. 

The steroid Ci7(20)lyase is an enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of andro-stenedione and of dehydroepiandrosterone from progesterone and pregnenolone, respectively. As androgen and estrogen hormones are necessary for the growth of tumors, this enzyme is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer and in hormone-dependent breast cancers. 

Measurements of urinary unconjugated F and E (UFF and UFE) are not useful for accurate diagnosis of ACRD as the ratio between them is typically normal. Patients with ACRD will have elevated levels of androgens, DHEA, testosterone and andro-stenedione. 

Concerning the metabolism of triterpenes and steroids, quite a number of P450 catalyzed transformations are very important, namely the 14a-demethyla-tion of lanosterol [50], the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol [51]and pregnenes [52], and the desaturation of ring A of androgens with concomitant oxidative removal of C(19) [53]. The latter reaction is catalyzed by human placental aromatase, associated with a NADPH-dependent reductase, and requires three moles of oxygen and three moles of NADPH in order to oxidize andro-stenedione 45 to formic acid and estrone 46, Fig. 10. 

Thompson, E.A., Jr. and P.K. Siiteri (1974). Utilization of oxygen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by human placental microsomes during aromatization of andro-stenedione. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5364-5372. 

Swart AC, Schloms L, Storbeck KH, Bloem LM, Toit T, Quanson JL, Rainey WE, Swart P (2013) lip-hydroxyandrostenedione, the product of andro-stenedione metabolism in the adrenal, is metabo-... 

In liver cirrhosis in man the plasma levels of andro-stenedione and estradiol are increased, testosterone are decreased, and the sex hormone binding proteins are increased, with larger amounts of bound testosterone and estradiol. 

OH-AN 11-Hydroxy-androsterone Cortisol, 11-hydroxy-andro-stenedione... 

Comparative studies made in the placenta in situ by perfusion of labeled dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate establish that the latter. steroid is a better precursor for the formation of andro-stenedione (I mb et al., 1967). 

Bridges, N.A., Hindmarsh, PC., Pringle, P.J., et al. (1998) Cortisol, andro-stenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (170HP) responses to low doses of (1-24)ACTH. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83,3750-3753. 

Levesque, J.F., and Ayotte, C. (1999) Criteria for the detection of andro-stenedione oral administration, in Recent Advances in Doping Analysis (eds W. Schanzer, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, and U. Mareck), Sport Buch Strauss, Cologne, pp. 169-179. 

Bassindale, T, Cowan, D.A., Dale, S., et al (2002) Disposition of andro-stenedione and testosterone following oral administration of androstene-dione to healthy female volunteers influence on the urinary T/E ratio, in... 

---