And molecular orbital calculations

Ab initio and molecular orbital calculations have been used to study die interactions of organic radicals coupled by m-phenylene.9,10 These methods were used to explain the low-lying excitation spectra of radical ions such as (l).9 The tricarbene (2) was also shown to have a high-spin ground state irrespective of the value of die dihedral angle 

Force Field and Molecular Orbital Calculations in Organosulfiir Chemistry 

Charge-Transfer Spectra and Molecular Orbital Calculations. 

A Guide to Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Orbital Calculations in Spartan, W.J. Hehre, J. Yu and RE. Klunzinger, Wavefunction, Inc., Irvine, CA. 

Spectroscopic measurements and molecular orbital calculations have also been carried out315 on Cu clusters, n = 2-6, and mass spectral measurements on the vapour of CuCl316 suggest that the [Cui4Cli3]+ cation has an enhanced stability calculations317 are consistent with an extended cluster model. 

A very important difference between H2 and molecular orbital calculations is electron correlation. Election correlation is the term used to describe interactions between elections in the same molecule. In the hydrogen molecule ion, there is only one election, so there can be no election correlation. The designators given to the calculations in Table 10-1 indicate first an electron correlation method and second a basis set, for example, MP2/6-31 G(d,p) designates a Moeller-Plesset electron coiTclation extension beyond the Hartiee-Fock limit canied out with a 6-31G(d,p) basis set. 

The PE spectra of 6H-cyclohepta[c]furan-6-one (and molecular orbital calculations on this system) have been reported (84BGJ856). 

This book is an introduction to computational chemistr y, molecular mechanics, and molecular orbital calculations, using a personal mieroeomputer. No speeial eom-putational skills are assumed of the reader aside from the ability to read and write a simple program in BASIC. No mathematieal training beyond ealeulus is assumed. A few elements of matrix algebra are introdueed in Chapter 3 and used throughout. 

Information on nucleophilic addition chemistry of quinones and various mechanistic rationali2ations have been discussed, and molecular orbital calculations have been proposed as more definitive approaches for explanation and prediction (63). 

There has been considerable interest in theoretical and quantum chemical calculations applied to the bipyridines over the past 25 years. 7i-Electron distributions, electron densities, and molecular orbital calculations on all the bipyridines have been determined, and the results are generally in accord with the known chemical reactions of the molecules.Calculations applied to 2,2 -, 3,3 -, and 4,4 -bipyridines have been correlated with ionization potentials,and reduction potentials ° "and electrical susceptibilities of most of the bipyridines have been determined.The ability of 3,3 - and 4,4 -bipyridines to act as electron-transfer bridges has been calculated.  

T. Kimura, S. Muto, K. Tatsumi, T. Tanabe, T. Kiyobayashi, Intercalated hydrogen in nanostructured graphite studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculations. J. Alloys Compd., 413 (2006) 150-154. 

Computational and theoretical techniques have been used to describe a wide range of compound classes, but have been only sparingly utilized in studies on the properties and reactions of lignin. A brief summary of the capabilities and limitations of molecular mechanics and molecular orbital calculations is presented, along with a survey of specific applications to lignin that have been reported in the literature. 

The characteristic features of hydroboration of alkenes—namely, regioselec-tivity, stereoselectivity, syn addition, and lack of rearrangement—led to the postulation of a concerted [2 + 2] cycloaddition of borane353,354 via four-center transition state 37. Kinetic studies, solvent effects, and molecular-orbital calculations are consistent with this model. As four-center transition states are unfavorable, however, the initial interaction of borane [or mentioned monobridged dimer, Eq. (6.56)] with the alkene probably involves an initial two-electron, three-center interaction355,356(38, 39). 

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