Anchoring Energy in Photoaligning Materials

To avoid the formation of surface walls and to provide a fast switching ofF time, the anchoring energy should be sufficiently high, e.g. 10 J/m, comparable with that of the rubbed polymer surface. This is not really observed for polyvinyl-cinnamate (PVCN) derivatives [27-29]. The recent measurements also confirm that 10 to 10 J/m, i.e. about one to two orders of mapitude smaller than the required value [1]. The in-plane sliding mode (IPSL) was proposed in a 

The results can be understood by noting that a film with a thickness of 1 nm may not be continuous. In fact it should be in the form of islands. Thus the coverage of the substrate will not be perfect, leading to weaker alignment effects. However, 

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