Gaseous effluents analysis

Table 20.3 Detection limits for on-line analysis of gaseous effluents by ICPAES.

During normal operation. the gaseous effluent radioactivity lev el is at the same level as that of the background. The nuclides analysis indicated that there was no artificial nuclide in the effluent the nuclides in the effluent are natural and Radon daughters.The amount of waste water, produced from operation and maitenance is about I0.2m in four years. 

Ail the parameters on which various consents (or permissions to dispose of, waste streams) are based must be reliably measured and recorded. This is easier to achieve with gaseous emissions (Chapter 10) and liquid effluents than with heterogeneous solid wastes. Systematic analysis of solid wastes will cover as a minimum the information in Table 17.15. 

It is clear from the analysis of gaseous reactor effluent that there were variations in the extent of organic contaminant combustion. Some carbon dioxide was observed in the effluent gas from the reactor in most of the tests. However, with fluorobenzene at 300°C we estimate that only about 2.5 % of the fluorobenzene was combusted based on the amount of CO2 observed. This is in contrast to the 30 to 50 % combustion of dibromoethane, dibromoethene, dichloroethane,... 

An essential method used in this work is quick ampoule sampling of volatiles.8-9 Small samples of the gaseous reactor effluent (e.g., 1 ml) are recovered in glass ampoules for later analysis. The capillary end of the evacuated ampoule is inserted into the product flow. The capillary tip is broken and the ampoule filled... 

A standard arrangement for sampling gaseous products downstream of the reactor is shown in Fig. 5. In a needle valve (or a similar device), the reactor effluent is depressurized and the flow rate is controlled. In the vast majority of cases, the analytical instrument of the choice will be a gas chromatograph equipped with a capillary column, because such an instrument often allows a good separation of the products and, if equipped with an appropriate detector, a reliable quantitative analysis of these products. The working principle of gas chromatography, however, is inherently... 

---