Analysing the assignment

Why do you think the lecturer has used a particular academic keyword rather than another  

Write down your own ideas about what the academic keywords mean (do not use dictionary definitions). 

Although we feel that looking for the key words can be a useful starting point, as we hope you will have learnt by trying out Task 4.1, there are two main reasons why we want to help you to go further in your approach to answering the question. 

the key words approach locks you in to the academic wording of the question. In our experience, for students successfully to unpack the question that they have either been set or chosen to answer, they need to translate the question into words and language that make most sense and feel most familiar to them. This is part of what we were asking you to do in the Task 4.1. 

The following five points outline a method for analysing your own writing tasks, begirming with the title. Read through these first and then read through the three examples. The three examples illustrate how this method can be used with different types of written assignment in different subject areas. 

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Chapter 4 focuses on the importance of analysing the assignment title and addressing the question set. The tasks in this chapter are designed for you to apply to any written assignment that you come across while at university. 

When you look at what you have written you should be able to see just how varied the writing tasks from different courses may be and how approaching them in this way can help you to focus on how to analyse each one. Each time that you are confronted with a new piece of work you can use this kind of analysis to help you work out how you are going to approach your writing at this very early stage. We develop this approach to analysing the assignment in more detail in the next chapter. 

Give yourself plenty of time to analyse the assignment at the beginning. 

The three basic steps of the human reliability analysis being performed to characterize accident management are identification of those actions to be modeled deterministically (based on a finite number of accident progression analyses), the assignment of screening (or simplified) probabilities that the action is not performed, and the development of more detailed probability bases for a subset of these actions. 

Yields were determined by %NMRvs benzomfluonde, isolated yields are given in parentheses All products exhibited spectral data in accord with the assigned structure and gave satisfactory elemental analyses... 

Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Dried Polymer. Other unexpected interactions of these hydrolytic polymers have been noted previously during the measurement of infrared spectra of dried Pu(IV) polymers (like those used for diffraction studies). Vibrational bands first attributed to nitrate ion were observed in samples exposed to room air however, these bands were not present in samples prepared under nitrogen atmospheres (see Fig. 4) (6). Chemical analyses established enough carbon in the exposed samples to confirm the assignment of the extraneous bands to the carbonate functional group... 

The assignment given is such (see Table III) that the peak at -88ppm is associated with silicon linked (within the tetrahedral manifold) via oxygen to 2 silicons and 1 aluminium whilst the peak at -93ppm is associated with silica linked exclusively to other silicons (25-27) Using an analysis based on Loewenstein s rule and widely used in zeolite struct jral analyses (28) we have shown elsewhere (20) that for this particular synthetic heidellite the (Si/Al). ratio is 11.5 ... 

The NMR spectrum of 4 showed signals at 7-9 (m,9H,ArH) and 10.5 (s,lH,NH). Data from the elemental analyses have been found to be in conformity with the assigned structures. Furthermore, the molecular ion recorder in the mass spectrum is also in agreement with the molecular weight of the compound. 

One-dimensional111 and 13C NMR experiments usually provide sufficient information for the assignment and identification of additives. Multidimensional NMR techniques and other multipulse techniques (e.g. distortionless enhancement of polarisation transfer, DEPT) can be used, mainly to analyse complicated structures [186]. 

For the two metallocene systems, V(Cp)2 (d3), and Ni(Cp)2 (ds), the only acceptable assignments locate the 4> level between the two II levels in each case, and thus, using the data of Prins and Van Voorst (4 7), yield the parameters Ds = 3543 cm"1, Dt = 2074 cm"1 for the vanadium complex, and Ds = 3257 cm 1,Dt = 1806 cm-1 for the nickel derivative. Moreover, these authors, treating the available data for Fe(Cp)2, derived parameters corresponding to Ds = 5100 cm-1 and Dt = 2740 cm-1, from which it may be noted that, although the individual values of Ds and Dt vary appreciably from one complex to another, the ratio Dt/Ds remains approximately constant and shows the values 0.585,0.554,and 0.537 for the V, Ni, and Fe compounds respectively. More recently Sohn, Hendrickson, and Gray (48, 49) have successfully analysed the d-d spectra of several d6 systems in terms of parameters which lead to the ratios 0.525, 0.540, and 0.585 for Dt/Ds in the complexes Fe(Cp)2, Co(Cp)2+, and Ru(Cp)2 respectively, and it therefore seems reasonable to adopt an average value of 0.55 for this ratio for all metallocene systems. 

Measurement bias is determined by comparing the mean of measurement results obtained for a reference material, using the method being validated, with the assigned property values for that reference material. The number of replicate analyses required (n) depends on the precision of the method (.s ) and the level of bias (8) that needs to be detected [12]. A useful approximation is shown in the following equation ... 

In this case, the assigned value is obtained from data produced by a number of expert laboratories who have analysed the proficiency testing sample by using a recognized reference method. The laboratories must be able to demonstrate their... 

The absorption spectrum measured in the typical pump-probe experiment is the difference between the spectrum of the remaining irradiated precursor and the created intermediate(s). Assignment of the transient absorption spectrum typically is done by reference to the low-temperature spectra described above, and (sometimes more certainly) by analysing the chemical behavior of the intermediate. For example, many carbenes are known to react with alcohols to give ethers (see below). If the detected intermediate can be observed to react with an alcohol, then this is taken as additional evidence for its assignment as a carbene. 

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