Amorphous calcium phosphate biomineralization

These data may imply that cellular mechanisms for calcium transfer and homeostasis are intimately tied up with mitochondria and that biomineralization is an essential element in Ca2+-regulation processes481,482). For a review on the role of mitochondria in the deposition of amorphous calcium phosphate in the early steps of biological calcification, see473,474. ... 

ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF MONODISPERSE NANOSPHERES OF AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (ACP) IN A SIMPLE BIOMINERALIZATION MEDIUM... 

One-Pot Synthesis of Monodisperse Nanospheres of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (AGP) in a Simple Biomineralization Medium A. Cuneyt Tas... 

Zhang et al. used Langmuir monolayers to study the initial stage of nucleation and crystallization of calcium phosphate [160]. The monolayers used in their study consisted of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, arachidic acid, and octadecylamine. The experiments show that the adsorption of calcium ions to the respective mono-layer is a prerequisite for subsequent nucleation. The authors also demonstrate that calcium phosphate forms through a multistage assembly process, in which first an amorphous calcium phosphate dihydrate layer forms, which then recrystallizes to form a crystalline hydroxyapatite layer (Fig. 12). This transformation of an amorphous phase to a crystalline phase provides direct evidence of a multistep crystallization process, which the authors claim is similar to the processes occurring in biomineralization. 

Ma Z, Chen F, Zhu YJ, Cui T, Liu XY. Amorphous calcium phosphate/poly(D,L-lactic acid) composite nanofibers electrospinning preparation and biomineralization. J Colloid Interface Sd 2011 359(2) 371-9. 

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